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Tóm tắt nội dung (trích từ tài liệu gốc): Vol. 3, No. 2 / 2001 High-Performance The USTATM NewsletterforTennisCoaches Progressive Development of a World Class Tennis Player by Nick Saviano T his article focuses on the progressive of the arts, athletics and music. The objective The single most development of a world-class player. of the study was to find commonalities amongst The chart (see page 4) and its accom- these individuals that transcend the different important ingredient panying information are a work in fields of endeavor. The second source and the progress. The long-term intent of this impetus for this project was an article

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                                                                                     Vol. 3, No. 2 / 2001



High-Performance The USTATM NewsletterforTennisCoaches



Progressive Development of a

World Class Tennis Player by Nick Saviano



T his article focuses on the progressive            of the arts, athletics and music. The objective           The single most

          development of a world-class player.      of the study was to find commonalities amongst

          The chart (see page 4) and its accom-     these individuals that transcend the different          important ingredient

          panying information are a work in         fields of endeavor. The second source and the

          progress. The long-term intent of this    impetus for this project was an article entitled          to success is the

project is threefold. First, it provides a frame-   The Development of Excellence: A Common

work from which coaches, parents and players        Pathway to the Top in Music, Art, Academics             development and the

can come to know and use common terminolo-          (Gibbons, 1998). This article also was based on

gy for the different stages of development of a     Bloom's research and data from German and               maintaining of a love

player. Second, it points out the common com-       Swedish sport school programs. The third

ponents and characteristics that transcend the      source was my colleagues at the USTA, Paul              and joy for the game.

different stages of development. Finally, it        Lubbers Ph.D. and Ron Woods Ph.D., both of

highlights some of the key factors that are crit-   whom reviewed this information and provided       Team Leader" and the establishment of a "sys-

ical to success in each stage of development.       me with their feedback.                           tematic training program."



   In addition to my own personal playing and          The developmental process of a world-class        In the third phase, World Class Perfor-

coaching experience, I have used three primary      player is a continuum of stages from beginner     mance, the athlete has evolved into a world-

sources of information for this article. The first  upward that are inextricably linked together.     class player. They continue to refine and devel-

is the Bloom Study of Talent Development            There are three major phases that a player        op their skills while competing at the highest

(Bloom, 1985), which examined 120 people            goes through as they progress to a world-class    level of play.

who have achieved world-class success in fields     level: Introduction/Foundation, Refinement/

                                                    Transitional and World Class Performance.            Within the context of these three phases,

In This Issue                                                                                         there are six different stages that a player trav-

                                                       In the first phase, Introduction/Foundation,   erses in their quest to reach their potential.

USA Tennis                                          the learning and development of the athlete is    Each stage creates the foundation or building

                                                    characterized by the player having fun and        blocks to achieve and maximize the develop-

Player Development Update            3              acquiring a love of the sport. In addition, the   ment in the next stage. The quality of learning

                                                    player learns the fundamentals of the game        at each stage ultimately will determine

Two-Handed Backhand--Squared Stance  5              and adapts to learning through random train-      whether or not the player can reach their full

                                                    ing techniques.

Patterns of Play--Backhand           9                                                                                              continued on page 4

                                                       In the second phase, Refinement/Tran-

Ask the Expert                       10             sitional, the athlete evolves into a "serious"

                                                    player. They no longer want to just play tennis;

                                                    they want to be a "tennis player." It is impera-

                                                    tive at this point that the player works with a

                                                    "High Performance Coach" that specializes in

                                                    the refinement of fundamentals and long-term

                                                    development. They also need a "Developmental

DEAR COACH                        USA Tennis High Performance

                                  Coaching Program Update



                      Since the USA Tennis High Performance Coaching Program's inception in the fall of 1999, more than 100 coaches have

                          successfully participated in and completed the program. The High Performance Coaching Program is intended specif-

                          ically for the serious developmental coach who works with players who are striving for excellence in competitive tennis

                      (i.e., sectional junior players to collegiate and young professionals). This program has a bright future and needs to con-

                      tinue to attract those coaches who are actively coaching America's top junior players. With this in mind, the following section

                      provides you an overview of the High Performance Coaching Program.



                         As always, we hope that you will enjoy this issue of High Performance Coaching. If you have any suggestions or comments,

                      please feel free to contact us at Coaching@playdev.usta.com or 305-365-USTA.



                      Sincerely,



                      Nick Saviano                             Paul Lubbers Ph.D.

                      Director, USA Tennis Coaching Education  Administrator, USA Tennis Coaching Education



                      Mission Statement



                         The USA Tennis Coaching Education Department is committed to offering serious developmental coaches one of the

                      highest-quality coaching education experiences in the world through participation in the USA Tennis High Performance

                      Coaching Program.



                      Philosophy of Coaching



                         The USA Tennis High Performance Coaching Program is based on a philosophy of coaching that puts the athlete first,

                      and winning second. This means that the overriding priority of a coach is to help young players reach their maximum

                      potential as people through a commitment to excellence in tennis. Players should be treated equitably and with respect for

                      their inherent individual worth. The long-term welfare and the happiness of players should be valued more than the results

                      or rewards of the moment.



                      Goals



                         1. To provide opportunities to help USA Tennis High Performance Coaches in their efforts to develop the next genera-

                             tion of American players.



                         2. To offer an educational program that is grounded in current science-based USA Tennis High Performance Coaching

                             Competencies.



                         3. To create a synergistic learning environment for the USA Tennis High Performance Coach that is based on open dia-

                             logue and a practical, problem-solving approach to learning.



                         4. To provide the opportunity for USA Tennis High Performance Coaches to interact and network with other USA Tennis

                             High Performance Coaches both during and after completion of the program.



                      Incentives for Participation



                         The incentives for the coach who completes the program are significant. They include: personal and professional

                      growth; being involved in a program that is on the cutting edge of coaching; and becoming a part of a publicly recognized

                      group of America's leading developmental coaches. In addition, there is ample opportunity for the high performance coach

                      to interact and network with other leading coaches throughout the United States.



                         Our intent is to provide ongoing benefits to those high performance coaches who participate in the program. Our goal

                      is to provide opportunities to help these coaches in their efforts to develop the next generation of American players.



                      Selection



                         The USA Tennis Coaching Education Department staff will select coaches for admission into the program. A committee

                                                                                                                                         continued on page 11



2 Vol. 3, No. 2/2001

                                                                                    USA Tennis Player Development Update



Boys Breaking Through                                                by Doug MacCurdy, Director, USA Tennis Player Development and

                                                                    Tom Gullikson, Director of Coaching, USA Tennis Player Development



   Unlike the stock market, men's tennis in the United States       Russ Adams/RAP

has seen great returns in the first quarter of 2001.



   Teenagers Andy Roddick, Taylor Dent and Mardy Fish

enjoyed breakthrough wins on the ATP during the first three

months of the year. Dent, who recently partnered with former

USA Tennis National Coach Eliot Teltscher on a full-time basis,

defeated Magnus Norman at Chennai. Fish posted wins over

Thomas Enqvist at Scottsdale and Mark Philippoussis at Indian

Wells. Roddick bested former world No. 1s Marcelo Rios and Pete

Sampras en route to becoming the youngest quarterfinalist in

the history of the Ericsson Open. These victories not only helped

boost their respective ATP rankings, but also brought these

youngsters tremendous media exposure.



   The future of American tennis does not, however, rest solely

on the shoulders of these young men. The United States is cur-

rently enjoying its strongest presence on the ATP in recent years.

At the end of March, the United States had 21 players ranked in

the Top 200 of the ATP Entry System. A dozen of these players:

Jan-Michael Gambill, Paul Goldstein, Cecil Mamiit, Justin

Gimelstob, Bob Bryan, Kevin Kim, Hugo Armando, Michael

Russell, James Blake and the three aforementioned players, are

all 24 years of age or younger. Also, keep an eye on Levar Harper-

Griffith and Robby Ginepri, who have both shown flashes of bril-

liance in their short professional careers.



   Among the 18-and-younger sect, Americans are finding much

success in the international junior circuits. The United States

leads the 41 participating countries with representation in the

Top 100 of the April 2 edition of the ITF World Junior Tennis

Rankings with 11 players. Germany is second with nine players

followed by Australia, Great Britain and France with five each.

AllSport

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Russ Adams/RAPClockwise top to

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Russ Adams/RAPbottom: Mardy Fish,

                                                                                                                                  Robby Ginepri, Levar

                                                                                                                                  Harper-Griffith with

                                                                                                                                  John McEnroe, and

                                                                                                                                  Taylor Dent.



                                                                    Ytai Abougzir, a semifinalist at the 2000 US Open and doubles

                                                                    champion at the 2001 Australian Open, is the highest-ranked

                                                                    American at No. 3. Fifteen-year-olds Brian Baker and Chris Kwon

                                                                    are two of the three youngest players in the Top 100.



                                                                       As with any stock, the current success these players are

                                                                    enjoying does not guarantee future gains. But if they continue to

                                                                    work hard, a profitable future is certainly not out of the question.

                                                                    One major component to their continued growth is the partner-

                                                                    ship between player and coach--both their personal coaches

                                                                    and the USA Tennis coaches, who provide guidance on and off

                                                                    the court.



                                                                       The time and energy invested by this talented group of young

                                                                    men and their coaches is certainly paying dividends for

                                                                    American tennis.



                                                                                                                                                        3 Vol. 3, No. 2/2001

continued from page 1



Progressive Development of a World Class Player



                                  (Male and Female)



INTRODUCTION/FOUNDATION                            REFINEMENT/TRANSITIONAL                        WORLD CLASS PERFORMANCE



           Phase One                                          Phase Two                                     Phase Three



         Age of Player: 6-12                               Age of Player: 10-20                            Age of Player: 15-30

      Years In Phase: 2-4 Years                          Years In Phase: 4-9 Years                      Years In Phase: 8-12 Years



Stage I               Stage II                     Stage III              Stage IV                Stage V                Stage VI



� Entry Level         � Sectional                  � Nat. Tournaments     � High National or      � World Class          � Peak Level

� Team Tennis           Tournaments                  and Ranking            College Ranking         Top 50-150             of Performance

� Local Tournaments                                                                                                        Top 1-50

� Random Training     � Sectional Ranking          � Systematic Training  � World Class Junior    � Systematic Training

� Developmental       � Random/Systematic          � High Performance     � Transitional Pro      � World Class Coach    � World Class

                                                                          � Satellite-Challenger  � Developmental          Personal Coach

  Coach                 Training                     Coach                � Systematic Training

                      � Developmental/             � Commitment           � High Performance/       Team Leader



                        High Performance             to Game                Transitional Coach

                        Coach                      � Long Term Vision     � Long Term Vision

                                                   � Developmental        � Developmental



                                                     Team Leader            Team Leader

                                                     Identified



potential as a player. If the learning is flawed,                                                 player has achieved, the type of coaching and



undeveloped, or if there are attempts to short-    The progressive                                training required, the need for a "Developmental

cut any of the early stages of development, the                                                   Team Leader" and the introduction of a

player will not have the foundation to with-                                                      "long-term vision."



stand the demands of the higher levels of play.                                                   The progressive development of a world-



The result will be a significantly diminished      development of a                               class player varies tremendously with each

chance of that player reaching the world-class                                                    individual. Still, there are significant com-



level, assuming, of course, that they had that                                                    monalties that can be extrapolated from the



level of potential in the first place.             world-class player                             development of these players. One commonal-

   Players will pass through the stages at dif-                                                   ity that transcends all levels and perhaps



ferent paces depending on many factors. Some                                                      stands out as the single most important ingre-



of these factors include their talent, the time    varies tremendously with                       dient to success is the development and the

spent on the court, the quality of coaching and                                                   maintaining of a love and joy for the game.



the player's physical and emotional maturity.                                                     Without this, the rest becomes academic.



The speed at which a player goes through the       each individual.                                  It is our hope that this article helps create

various early stages is not always indicative of                                                  a framework of this process and that it serves



long-term potential. In the Bloom Study of                                                        to initiate the establishment of the "keys to



Talent Development, Benjamin Bloom states,                                                        success" in each stage of development. In the



"Only ten percent of the talented individuals                                                     future, we will further address the continuum



in the study had progressed far enough by age 12 for anyone to make of the six development stages as they relate to the overall progressive



confident predictions that they would be in the top 25 in their fields development of our country's players.



by the age of twenty to thirty."                                          Bloom, B. S. (1985) Developing Talent in Young People. Balantine Books, NY.



The chart lists a few of the key areas of importance that distin-



guish the different stages (this is not intended to be a comprehensive Gibbons, T. (1998) The Development of Excellence. A Common Pathway to

list). This list includes the type of tournaments or ranking level the the Top in Music, Art, Academics and Sport. Olympic Coach, Vol. 8, No. 3.



4 Vol. 3, No. 2/2001

TECHNIQUE & PREPARATION  Two-Handed Backhand

                         with "Squared Stance"



                         Style Versus

                         Fundamentals



                         T his issue's article on technique examines the two-

                                      handed backhand with the "classic squared stance."

                                      Squared stance in this case means that the player has

                                      enough time to set up for the shot and step almost

                                      straightforward toward the net. We have chosen three

                         of the best two-handed backhands in the pro game: Lindsay

                         Davenport, Jan-Michael Gambill and Martina Hingis. It was

                         decided to use three sets of pictures to better illustrate a major

                         point about technique style versus fundamentals of technique.



                            The key point to focus on is that the manner in which a play-

                         er takes back the racquet in many cases is a function of style and

                         may not be a fundamental. Gambill takes the racquet straight

                         back and low. One would assume that a two-hander who takes

                         the racquet back low would have difficulty on the return of serve

                         and high balls. In both cases, however, Gambill hits these shots

                         remarkably well. Davenport, on the other hand, takes a loop on

                         the backswing, but has the racquet face parallel to the ground as

                         she takes it back. In addition, she actually opens her left hand

                         and stops gripping the racquet as she is taking it back, and then

                         re-grips the racquet right before accelerating forward. That's

                         extraordinary, yet she hits it incredibly well. Hingis represents a

                         more conventional style with the loop backswing.



                            While examining these three very different backswings, do

                         not lose sight of the fundamentals they have in common. These

                         commonalties along with the style differences will now be exam-

                         ined in the sequence of pictures.



                         Nick Saviano is the Director of USA Tennis Coaching Education.



5 Vol. 3, No. 2/2001           Top to bottom: Lindsay

                              Davenport, Jan-Michael

                         Gambill and Martina Hingis.



                                                               1

2  3  4

5



6



7



   Lance Jeffrey

  1                                                                                                                    TECHNIQUE & PREPARATION



� Standard Backhand: The players are not rushed and are positioning themselves for a standard two-handed

  backhand.



� Posture & Balance: All three possess good posture and dynamic balance as they approach the ball.

� Preparation Style: Notice the different preparation styles: Hingis with racquet head cocked up; Davenport



  with the racquet parallel to the ground; and Gambill with low "straight back" backswing.



  2



� Backswing: This set of pictures beautifully illustrates the distinct differences in racquet backswing.

� Davenport: Notice how she is opening up her left hand on the grip. This is extremely unusual--definitely a



  personal style.

� Gambill: He takes the racquet down and back.

� Hingis: Already "lined up," she has planted her back right foot before she transfers her weight into the shot.



  3



� Body Position: All three have now "lined up" the body in position for the shot. Each have planted their back

  foot and are about to transfer their body weight into the shot. This will generate significant linear momentum.



� Shoulders: All three demonstrate early shoulder rotation. Notice that Hingis and Davenport both approach

  the shot with relatively level shoulders, whereas Gambill's front shoulder is dipping down slightly.



� Davenport: She is barely holding the racquet in her left hand!



  4



� Backswing: This set of pictures shows the point where they have taken their racquets all the way back. Hingis

  and Gambill have a short, compact backswing, while Davenport takes a considerably longer swing at the ball.



� Weight Transfer & Balance: The players have completed their weight transfer to the front foot, and are dis-

  playing excellent balance as they start accelerating their racquet forward for the shot.



  5



� Head Position: Hingis and Davenport keep their head up and pointed in the direction of contact, which is

  technically optimal. Gambill's head is pointed in the direction of contact, however, on this particular shot, his

  head is dropping down slightly, which can affect his overall balance.



� Contact Point: All three will contact the ball out in front of their bodies. Hingis, however, has a slightly more

  extreme backhand grip and therefore, will contact the ball slightly farther out in front than either Davenport

  or Gambill.



  6



� Follow-through: Hingis and Davenport have a similar follow-through in that the non-dominant hand has

  pushed the racquet head "through and forward" more aggressively. Gambill's follow-through is somewhat laid-

  back. This is probably a function of style, and of the two women hitting more aggressive shots.



� Center of Balance: All three players have transferred their weight completely off of their back foot. Consequently,

  their center of gravity is directly over their front foot.



  7



� Follow-through: The three players end the stroke with a classic wrap around the neck.

� Momentum: Hingis appears to have hit a more aggressive shot than the other two, and her weight and momen-



  tum are still coming forward at this stage.



                                                                                                                       8 Vol. 3, No. 2/2001

                                                                                                                         Patterns of Play



Backhand by Jai DiLouie                            Pattern 1                                               Player A



   Players like Lindsay Davenport, Jan-                                                   1

Michael Gambill and Martina Hingis utilize                                   2

patterns of play, which are linked directly to

their style of play. These are the patterns they                                                          3

build their game around. The best players in

the world also utilize patterns of play in a tac-

tical manner to create offensive opportunities.



   Following are a few examples of backhand

patterns of play, which high performance play-

ers use when they are balanced and in control

of the court. From this position, players can

use a more aggressive, offensive shot which can

put their opponent in a defensive position.



                                                                             Player B



Pattern 1--Deep Crosscourt                         Pattern 2                           Player A



   Player A hits a deep crosscourt shot to elic-                                                    3b

it an unforced error from Player B or a shorter                                                                       1

reply crosscourt that can be attacked down the

line.                                                                                                  2

                                                              3a

When to use: This pattern can be effective

when playing an aggressive baseliner, who

attacks down the line early in the point.



Pattern 2--Deep Down the Line



   Player A hits deep down the line to elicit a    Pattern 3                           Player B

short reply crosscourt from Player B, so the                                             Player A

next shot can be attacked either down the line

or hit behind the opponent for a winner.



When to use: Use this pattern when the back-

hand down the line is the player's strength and

when the intention is to open up the court to

create angles for more room to attack.



Pattern 3--Crosscourt Angle                                   2a                       1

                                                                         2b                                     3b

   Player A hits a crosscourt angle that forces

Player B to play outside of the sideline. This                                                    3a

pattern inevitably will force the opponent to

try to hit a winner around the net post or try to

counter another angle back crosscourt.



When to use: This pattern can be utilized to

change the dimension of long rallies and force

the opponent to risk first. This pattern is

extremely effective in opening up the court.



Jai DiLouie is a National Coach for USA            Player B

Tennis Player Development.



                                                                                                                         9 Vol. 3, No. 2/2001

ASK THE EXPERT         Page Love MS, RD, LD

                       Do Your Players Use Sports Foods?



                          Over the last year, I have been surveying tennis teaching   snacks and pre-match meal choices, when eating whole

                       professionals at various national-coaching meetings to find    foods may not be available, or are limited when traveling to

                       out if the players that they coach use sports foods. From the  tournaments. Sports foods also are a way to avoid food safe-

                       results of this survey, it is evident that many players do     ty concerns when traveling in foreign countries. These

                       indeed use sports foods to supplement their training diet.     products are shelf stable training foods that can be packed

                                                                                      for travel.

                       What are sports foods?

                                                                                      Should players beware of certain

                          Sports foods include sports beverages and conveniently      ingredients in sports foods?

                       packaged food products, such as energy bars, gels and

                       sport shakes. Most coaches surveyed reported that their           Yes. Some ingredients added to sports foods can be dan-

                       players used sports beverages (Gatorade was the most fre-      gerous to the tennis player by overstimulating the heart

                       quent response) on the court and sports energy bars            rate, causing water loss, which increases the risk for dehy-

                       (PowerBar was most often mentioned) to help meet energy        dration, and potentially causing positive drug test results.

                       needs and between-match nutrition needs. Many coaches          The most common ingredients to be cautious about are:

                       also reported using sports beverages before and after play

                       to meet pre- and post-match hydration needs. Very few             Bee Pollen--It can cause allergic reactions in players

                       coaches reported the use of high carbohydrate sports           allergic to bees.

                       drinks, energy gels or shakes. Other products common-

                       ly used were Powerade, Fruitopia, Clif Bars,                         Caffeine--Found in many commercial drinks, it can

                       Nutrigrain Bars and SlimFast Bars. A very small seg-                  cause dehydration and increase the risk for heat ill-

                       ment of the coaches surveyed did not recommend                         ness and muscle cramps.

                       use of sports beverages or packaged foods at all.

                                                                                                    Creatine--It is theorized that creatine

                       How are sports foods helpful to                                             improves strength and power potential for short

                       the tennis player?                                                          bouts of anaerobic movements. Some high car-

                                                                                                   bohydrate beverages should not be consumed

                          These food sources can help the tennis                                   on the court due to the inclusion of creatine.

                       player meet the demanding training diet

                       needs for energy. Specifically, they ful-                                      Current research has not deemed creatine to

                       fill carbohydrate and protein needs, as                                          directly enhance tennis performance.

                       well as supplementing the diet during                                              Tennis players should avoid beverages

                       tournament play. They service on-                                                    containing creatine due to the lack of

                       court nutrition needs, and are useful                                                  evidence of its safety, long-term effi-

                       for both quick pre- and post-match                                                      cacy and research available on

                       energy and hydration sources.                                                           younger athletes.

                                                                                                                   DHEA and Androstene--They

                          It is currently recommended that                                                     are hormone-like compounds that

                       athletes consume 30-60 grams of car-                                                   can negatively effect the liver and

                       bohydrate per hour of exercise to                                                       other organs and potentially cause

                       meet energy demands of match play.                                                       positive drug tests.

                       Sports beverages especially help to                                                         Ma Huang or Ephedrine--They

                       meet these needs by providing dilut-                                                    are amphetamine-like herbal sup-

                       ed forms of carbohydrates in liquid                                                     plements that can overstimulate the

                       form. Food sources are preferred                                                        heart, increase the risk for heat ill-

                       components of the general daily                                                         ness and muscle cramps and cause

                       training diet, but often tennis players,                                                death.

                       because of training schedules, travel

                       and multiple match play demands, are                                          Overall Tips to Consider

                       not able to find appropriate and                                              in Using Sports Foods:

                       quickly absorbable food and hydration

                       sources to meet their training diet                                                     � Food first! Use sports foods main-

                       needs. Some sports foods make great                                                        ly to supplement a well-balanced

                                                                                                                  training diet.



                                                                                                               � Have your athletes try sports foods



10 Vol. 3, No. 2/2001

                                                                           Page Love MS, RD, LD

                                                                      Owner, NutriSport Consulting

                                                                    USTA Sport Science Committee



                                                                                Nutrilove@aol.com



   away from tournament time. This way they will know how to use    � Consult a sports nutritionist or registered dietitian in helping

   them to enhance their training diet needs at match time.           your players interpret the best use of these sports foods for

� Have your players check the labels for potentially harmful          individual training diet needs. One resource is the American

  ingredients (described above).                                      Dietetic Association's web site eatright.org in finding a dieti-

� Beware of using high protein energy bars right before or dur-       tian in your area.

  ing tennis play. These require a lot of water for digestion and

  have slow gastric emptying times, so they may cause stomach

  upset and nausea. These, however, can be helpful as recovery

  food choices for tennis players.

� If players choose energy gels, make sure these are taken with

  the recommended fluid amounts. Keep in mind that gels are

  much lower in electrolytes than sports beverages.

� High carbohydrate beverages should not be used during ten-

  nis play. These are too concentrated in carbohydrates to be

  absorbed rapidly and can cause stomach upset. These are

  appropriate as recovery beverages.



continued from page 2  ...Coaching Program Update



comprised of the USA Tennis Director of Coaching Education                 must be completed.

and the Director of Multicultural Development, as well as a USPTA      8. Exceptions: Exceptions to the criteria will be made based

and a PTR representative, will ensure the stated selection philos-

ophy is being met and also will review the selection process.              on special circumstances.



   In selecting coaches for the program, the USA Tennis Coaching    Education and Testing

Education Department will be fair and equitable in choosing the

most qualified applicants who have met the criteria listed below.      The education of coaches is founded on the recently estab-

The coaches' playing background will be taken into account.         lished Coaching Competencies. The program will be based on a

Consideration will also be given to coaches from diverse ethnic     problem-solving approach meant to teach coaches education

and socioeconomic groups as well as geographic location.            and sport science concepts in a practical, easy-to-apply manner.



Criteria for Selection:                                                There will be three phases to the education and testing com-

   1. Certified: Each applicant must have achieved a USPTA P1       ponent of the program:

       and/or PTR Professional level.

   2. Coaching Experience: Each applicant must have at least           1. Preparation Phase: Coaches will receive a study guide and

       five years of experience coaching high performance players.         detailed information on requirements for the "Interactive

   3. Sectional Ranked Players: Each applicant must be able to             Phase" and projects that must be completed in advance.

       verify having been and/or currently is the primary coach of

       a specified number of sectional ranked players.                 2. Interactive Phase: Coaches will come to a site for seven

   4. Nationally Ranked Players: Each applicant must be able to            days of interactive learning experiences, including small

       verify having been and/or currently is the primary coach of         group discussions and practical on-court work. There will

       a specified number of nationally ranked players.                    be a written test and an on-court assessment test.

   5. Coach of Successful Players: Each applicant must have

       coached players who have gone on to play at all levels of       3. Application Phase: Coaches will be asked to apply their

       the game, including collegiate and professional tennis.             knowledge from the previous sessions. They will be given

   6. Active Developmental Coach: Each applicant must cur-                 projects to be completed and submitted to the USA Tennis

       rently be active in coaching high performance players.              Coaching Education Department for evaluation.

   7. Sports Science Competency Test (Level One): This test

                                                                       After completing all three phases of the program, coaches

                                                                    will receive their certification from the PTR and/or the USPTA.

                                                                    Please see page 12 for program dates.



                                                                                                                                        11 Vol. 3, No. 2/2001

UNITED STATES TENNIS ASSOCIATION                                                        Presorted

                                                                                        Standard

       High-Performance Coaching                                                       US Postage

         7310 Crandon Boulevard

          Key Biscayne, FL 33149                                                           PAID

                                                                                       Boston MA

                                                                                    Permit No. 54162



High-Performance                            USA Tennis High Performance

                                            Coaching Program Dates

     � United States Tennis Association

            is published quarterly by       Program Dates for 2001 and 2002



              USA Tennis Coaching           Date                  Location          Application Deadline

             Education Department

            7310 Crandon Boulevard          August 14-20, 2001    Los Angeles, CA   May 15, 2001

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                      Editors                              Applications for the

                  Nick Saviano                USA High-Performance Coaching Program

               Paul Lubbers Ph.D.

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