🎾 The Roger Federer Story. Quest For Perfection¶
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Tóm tắt nội dung (trích từ tài liệu gốc): THE ROGER FEDERER STORY Quest For Perfection REN� STAUFFER THE ROGER FEDERER STORY Quest For Perfection REN� STAUFFER New Chapter Press Cover and interior design: Emily Brackett, Visible Logic Originally published in Germany under the title "Das Tennis-Genie" by Pendo Verlag. � Pendo Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Munich and Zurich, 2006 Published across the world in English by New Chapter Press, www.newchapterpressonline.com ISBN 094-2257-391 978-094-2257-397 Printed in the United States of America Contents From The Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Pro
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THE ROGER
FEDERER STORY
Quest For Perfection
REN� STAUFFER
THE ROGER
FEDERER STORY
Quest For Perfection
REN� STAUFFER
New Chapter Press
Cover and interior design: Emily Brackett, Visible Logic
Originally published in Germany under the title "Das Tennis-Genie" by
Pendo Verlag. � Pendo Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Munich and Zurich, 2006
Published across the world in English by New Chapter Press,
www.newchapterpressonline.com
ISBN 094-2257-391
978-094-2257-397
Printed in the United States of America
Contents
From The Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Prologue: Encounter with a 15-year-old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Introduction: No One Expected Him . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
Part i
From Kempton Park to Basel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
A Boy Discovers Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Homesickness in Ecublens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
The Best of All Juniors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
A Newcomer Climbs to the Top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
New Coach, New Ways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Olympic Experiences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
No Pain, No Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Uproar at the Davis Cup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
The Man Who Beat Sampras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
The Taxi Driver of Biel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Visit to the Top Ten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Drama in South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Red Dawn in China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
The Grand Slam Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
A Magic Sunday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
A Cow for the Victor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Reaching for the Stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Duels in Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
An Abrupt End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
The Glittering Crowning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
No. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Samson's Return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
New York, New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Setting Records Around the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
The Other Australian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
A True Champion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Fresh Tracks on Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Three Men at the Champions Dinner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
An Evening in Flushing Meadows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
The Savior of Shanghai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Chasing Ghosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
A Rivalry Is Born . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Two New Friends: Woods and Sampras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
The Perfect 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
PART II
The Person: Nice but Firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
The Player: Like a Chameleon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
The Opponent: Just to be in his Shoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
The Entrepreneur: Sign of the Hippo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Everybody Wants Him: The Everyday Media Routine . . . . . . . 215
The Celebrated Man: The Media's View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
The Ambasssador: On a Noble Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Quotes On Roger Federer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Grand Slam Man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
From The Publisher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
List Of Press Sources For Quotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
From The Author
I made the decision to write a book about Roger Federer after Wimbledon in
2003, when he became Switzerland's first male Grand Slam champion. I had
been covering Wimbledon for over twenty years and was well aware of the
tremendous significance of this victory. I approached Roger and his parents
with this idea, but they were of the opinion, however, that his story had only
just begun and that it was too early to write a biography about a 22-year-old.
I have to admit that they were right--but just a few years later, Federer's place
in history became evident--in the circle of the all-time greats, next to players
such as Bj�rn Borg, Pete Sampras, Rod Laver or Fred Perry.
This book attempts to demonstrate how long and difficult Federer's way to
the top has been, what was preventing him from developing his tremendous
talent more quickly, how he finally managed to exploit his potential and how
extraordinary his winning streaks in this competitive international sport have
been. The book also puts a light on Federer's surroundings and the people
who were vital in his quest for perfection. It may serve to illustrate how high
the goals are that yet lie before him in his future career--such as the Grand
Slam or the high-water mark of 14 Grand Slam titles. The fact that this is a
major topic of discussion with the international media, players and experts
is no coincidence.
As the proverb goes, a prophet is not without honor save in his own coun-
try. In the case of Federer, his accomplishments and talents as a sportsman,
ambassador and role model of universal dimensions also generallyseem to
be more highly regarded by those outside the Swiss border. If some readers
become more aware of what a godsend Federer has been for tennis and for
sports in general, as an athlete as well as a human being, then this book has
already accomplished very much.
v
vi Ren� Stauffer
In viewing the materials that I have gathered in folders, electronic archives
and personal recollections of him over the past dozen years, the thought oc-
curred to me over and over again that Roger Federer may be the athlete who
has conducted the most interviews. There likely isn't any question that he
hasn't been asked. Federer answers all of them again and again with admira-
ble patience; he deals with us members of the media collegially and candidly.
Again and again, he takes extra time for his countrymen even if he doesn't
have to and even if almost everything has been said. With pleasure, I want to
thank him for all of his collaborations with me through the years.
Working on this book, it has also become clear to me how much has hap-
pened to him and around him in such a short span of time--things that are
worth repeating or recording--all the more so because sometimes important
contexts only become visible at a greater distance. A feeling of astonishment
always comes over me at how this ambitious, dissatisfied junior developed
into one of the greatest figures in the sports world--particularly in light of
the fact that his character has hardly changed. Aside from his athletic ambi-
tion, Roger Federer has remained a modest man who doesn't think that he's
anybody special. If he does make unpopular decisions, then this is usually
due to his realization that they are necessary in order to achieve his lofty
career goals.
While Federer continues to write his history at breath-taking speed that
will hopefully fill many more folders and archive files, I would like to thank
some other people who helped me with this book. I especially want to mention
Randy Walker, who I started to know and appreciate while he was working for
the U.S. Tennis Association and who was the driving force in setting up the
English version for New Chapter Press. He brought a lot of new enthusiasm
into this work and I thoroughly enjoyed the process of updating and adapting
the book.
I also want to thank Pendo publishing in Munich and Zurich who took
the initiative and offered me an opportunity as a career change to write this
book. I want to thank the many people I interviewed or who provided in-
formation, who were willing to share their recollections or their knowledge
about Roger with me--especially his parents. I also want to mention the many
international and Swiss colleagues on the tennis tour who have accompanied
The Roger Federer Story vii
Roger over the years, who have described and pointed out that what he has
achieved is anything but average, especially for a small nation like Switzerland.
Furthermore, I want to acknowledge the precious help of the media depart-
ments of the ATP with Nicola Arzani and Greg Sharko, an unfailing source
of great stats and information, and of the ITF, above all Barbara Travers and
Nick Imison.
I would also like to thank Tamedia AG, my boss, Fredy Wettstein, and
the colleagues at the sports editorial office of the Tages-Anzeiger and the
Sonntags-Zeitung who made it possible and helped me to accompany Federer's
development in a journalistically diverse way and to hopefully do appropriate
honor to his accomplishments. I would also like to thank my good friend
J�rgen Kalwa in New York, who wrote a book about Tiger Woods, who sup-
ported me with important tips, as well as my sister Jeannine who was the first
one to critically read this manuscript and provided me with valuable feed-
back. Last but not least, I would like to thank my wife, Eni, and our daughter
Jessica. It wasn't easy for any of them to have me at home an entire winter
--but mostly behind closed doors and in another world.
Ren� Stauffer
M�llheim, Switzerland, May 2007
Prologue
Encounter with a 15-year-old
It was September 11, 1996. I was on assignment for the Tages-Anzeiger and
was supposed to write a story about the World Youth Cup, a sort of Davis
Cup for juniors that was being played in Zurich, the location of our editorial
office. I was skeptical. A story about a team tournament involving obscure 15
and 16-year-old tennis players--who would be interested in that? I viewed this
assignment as a tiresome task, thanks to the Swiss Tennis Federation since
they had charitably taken on the tournament for its 100-year anniversary.
No, this certainly would not be an interesting assignment.
On this day, I met Roger Federer for the first time. He played on a far
away court surrounded by wire mesh at a tennis and recreation facility called
Guggach. Officials from the Swiss Tennis Federation told me that Federer was
a pretty good player and that there was little to criticize except that he was
sometimes very temperamental. He just turned 15 and was actually too young
for this tournament, but his credentials were impressive--he had already won
five Swiss national junior championship titles, was the best Swiss player in the
16-and-under age bracket and was already ranked No. 88 nationally.
On this day, he played against an Italian named Nohuel Fracassi, who
since this encounter with Federer, I never heard from again. Fracassi was
more than a year older, bigger and stronger than Federer and he had already
won the first set when I arrived. The mood was reminiscent of an insignifi-
cant club tournament. There were three or four spectators, a referee and no
ball boys. The players fetched the balls themselves. However, I was instantly
fascinated by Federer's elegant style. I had already seen some players come
and go in my fifteen years as a tennis journalist but it appeared to me that an
extraordinary talent was coming of age here in front of me. He effortlessly
put spins on balls so that the Italian--even on this slow clay court--would
ix
x Ren� Stauffer
often just watch the ball fly past him for winners. With hardly a sound, he
stroked winning shots from his black racquet, moved fast and gracefully. His
strokes were harmonious and technically brilliant.
His tactics were also quite unusual. There were no similarities to the safe
and consistent "Swedish School" of baseline tennis that was very common
back then and usually resulted in promised success on clay courts. Federer
would have nothing of that. He looked to end points quickly at every oppor-
tunity. He appeared to have mastered every stroke, which was quite unusual
for juniors in his age group. He dominated with his serve and his forehand,
but his powerful one-handed backhand and the occasional volley also looked
like something taken from a tennis textbook.
Roger Federer was a diamond in the rough, no doubt. I was astonished
and wondered why nobody had yet seen him or written about him. Was it
perhaps because the media had so often prematurely written in superlatives
about talented young players only to discover later that they did not measure
up to the task of international tennis? Not every Swiss tennis player could
be a new Heinz G�nthardt, Jakob Hlasek or a Marc Rosset, perhaps the three
best Swiss men's players ever. Perhaps because hardly anybody was scouting
for new talent in Switzerland since our little country was already over-
proportionately well-represented in professional tennis with Rosset, the 1992
Olympic champion, and the up-and-coming 15-year-old Martina Hingis,
already a Wimbledon doubles champion and a semifinalist in singles at the
US Open.
But perhaps the reason was also that Federer's athletic maturity stood in
stark contrast to his behavior. He was a hot-head. On this September af-
ternoon, his temper exploded even from the smallest mistakes. On several
occasions, he threw his racquet across the court in anger and disgust. He
constantly berated himself. "Duubel!" or "Idiot!" he exclaimed when one of
his balls narrowly missed the line. He sometimes even criticized himself aloud
when he actually won points but was dissatisfied with his stroke.
He didn't seem to notice what was going on around him. It was only him,
the ball, the racquet--and his fuming temper--nothing else. Being so high-
strung, he had to fight more with himself than with his opponent across the
net this day. This dual struggle pushed him to the limit and I assumed he
The Roger Federer Story xi
would lose despite his technical superiority. I was wrong. Federer won the
match 3-6, 6-3, 6-1.
I found out later that Federer already won a hard-fought, three-set match
the day before against a tenacious young Australian player by the name of
Lleyton Hewitt, with Federer fighting off a match point to win by a 4-6, 7-6,
6-4 margin. This Federer-Hewitt match occurred in front of a crowd of 30
people who purchased tickets for the day--plus the four people who bought a
tournament series ticket for all sessions. Nobody could have known that these
two players would become two of the greatest players--both earning the No. 1
ranking and going on to compete on the greatest stages of the sport in packed
stadiums and in front of millions of television viewers around the world.
I wanted to know more about Federer and asked him for an interview. He
surprised me once again as he sat across from me at a wooden table in the
gym locker room. I feared that the young man would be reserved and taciturn
in the presence of an unfamiliar reporter from a national newspaper and he
would hardly be able to say anything useful or quotable. But this was not the
case. Federer spoke flowingly and confidently with a mischievous smile. He
explained that his idol was Pete Sampras and that he had been training for
a year at the Swiss National Tennis Center at Ecublens on Lake Geneva. He
also said that he probably was among the 30 or 40 best in his age class in
the world and that he wanted to become a top professional but still had to
improve his game--and his attitude.
"I know that I can't always complain and shout because that hurts me
and makes me play worse," he said. "I hardly forgive myself on any mistakes
although they're normal." He looked in the distance and said almost to him-
self--"One should just be able to play a perfect game."
Playing a perfect game--that's what motivated him. He didn't want to just
defeat opponents and win trophies, even if he liked the idea of becoming rich
and famous or both, as he admitted. For him, instinctively, the journey was
the reward and the journey involved hitting and placing balls with his racquet
as perfectly as possible. He seemed to be obsessed with this, which would
explain why he could become frustrated even after winning points. He didn't
want to dominate his opponent in this rectangle with the net that fascinated
him--he wanted to dominate the ball that he both hated and loved.
xii Ren� Stauffer
Federer had great expectations--too many at that time that he would have
been able to achieve them. His emotions carried him away in this conflict
between expectations and reality. He seemed to sense his great potential and
that he was capable of doing great things--but he was not yet able to trans-
form his talents into reality.
His unusual attitude towards perfection had a positive side effect in that he
did not consider his opponents as rivals who wanted to rob the butter from
his bread, as the sometimes reclusive Jimmy Connors used to say. His oppo-
nents were more companions on a common path. This attitude made him a
popular and well-liked person in the locker room. He was social and someone
you could joke around with. For Federer, tennis was not an individual sport
with opponents who needed to be intimidated, but a common leisure activity
with like-minded colleagues who, as part of a big team, were pursuing the
same goal.
He became terribly annoyed at his own mistakes but he had the capacity to
question things, to observe things from a distance and to put them in the cor-
rect perspective after his emotions had abated. He was also willing to admit
weaknesses. "I don't like to train and I also always play badly in training," he
casually observed during this interview. "I'm twice as good in the matches."
This sentence surprised me as well. While many players choked under
pressure, he apparently maintained a winning mentality. This strength that
abounded in the most important matches and game situations really drove
many opponents to distraction and enabled Federer to escape from apparently
hopeless situations. It also helped Federer establish one of the most unbeliev-
able records in sports history--24 consecutive victories in professional singles
finals between July of 2003 and November of 2005--double the record held
by John McEnroe and Bj�rn Borg.
Federer's triumphs at this World Youth Cup were in vain. The Swiss team,
lacking a strong second singles player and an experienced doubles team, fin-
ished the tournament in defeat in 15th place. Roger Federer won but the
Swiss lost--a scenario that was to repeat itself many times over years later at
the actual Davis Cup. The hot-head nonetheless received a compliment from
the coach of the Australian team at the World Youth Cup, Darren Cahill,
The Roger Federer Story xiii
the former US Open semifinalist, who was in charge of Lleyton Hewitt at the
time. "He's got everything he needs to succeed on tour later," said Cahill.
I was able to return to the office with enough material for a nice story.
It was to be my first about Roger Federer--but it would not be the last. The
story's title was "One Should Be Able To Play A Perfect Game."
Introduction
No One Expected Him
The saying that great things are preceded by their shadows applies to tennis
like no other sport. From the immense number of ambitious, talented, men-
tored or pushed junior tennis players around the world looking for the way to
the top, the real champions normally outshine the rest very early on.
I will never forget the day, for example, in the crowded press room at
Wimbledon in 1984 when my German colleague, Klaus-Peter Witt, whom
everybody called "KP," stormed up to me, grabbed me and dragged me away.
"We've got him! We've got him!" he shouted. "The Red Bomber is here!"
KP led me through the whirling crowd of the Southeast corner of the
All England Club to Court No. 13 where there was a great deal of commo-
tion. People were standing tip-toed and craning their necks to get a glimpse
of the court. A 16-year-old with red hair and blue eyes was in the process
of outclassing American Blaine Willenborg. The red-head led 6-0, 6-0 and
British journalists were frantically checking for the last time that a player
at Wimbledon completed a match without losing a game. But the teenager
relieved them of this task when he lost four games in the third set.
The guy was an unparalleled force of nature. He was a player who pun-
ished balls with his brutal serves and groundstrokes. His name was Boris
Becker. Speaking about Becker, the German coach, Klaus Hofsaess, said that
"he would eat a rat to improve his forehand." KP was enthused. Becker, who
already negotiated his way through the Wimbledon qualifying tournament,
also survived his second-round match in the main draw, defeating Nduka
Odizor of Nigeria. In the third round, Becker was on Court No. 2--dubbed
the "Graveyard of Champions"--facing American Bill Scanlon, when he
stumbled and injured his ankle in the fourth set. Becker was down with a
severe ligament injury and was carried from the court on a stretcher.
xiv
The Roger Federer Story xv
In the evening, KP and I were at the bar of the Gloucester Hotel Casino
and asked Becker's coach, Gunther Bosch, how the boy was. Bosch spontane-
ously handed us a room key and said, "Ask him yourself."
We had been expecting to find an inconsolably beaten young man, but
Becker was lying on the bed, watching television, oblivious of the large ban-
dage on his leg. There was not a trace of whining or discouragement. "Look,
that's me, that's me," he exclaimed in excitement as he pointed at the televi-
sion screen that was showing the summary of the day at Wimbledon. KP and
I looked at one another in agreement that if this German doesn't make it,
then who will?
The next year, Boris Becker won the Wimbledon title at the age of 17, the
youngest man to ever win the championship.
Like Becker, most great tennis champions first appeared on the tennis
scene in a clap of thunder. Stefan Edberg from Sweden, the German's great-
est rival, won the junior "Grand Slam" by combining the four biggest titles,
the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open. John
McEnroe stormed into the semifinals at Wimbledon in 1977 at age 18 as a
qualifier and also made headlines because of his uncouth behavior and fiery
Irish temperament. Bj�rn Borg reached the Wimbledon quarterfinals in 1973
in his first attempt as a 17-year-old and one year later, he won the first of
his six French Open titles and one year after that, in 1975, he led Sweden
to its first Davis Cup title, winning all 12 of his singles matches during the
championship run.
The list goes on. Pete Sampras was barely 19 years old and ranked No. 12 in
the world when he won the US Open in Flushing Meadows in 1990, defeating
Ivan Lendl, McEnroe and Andre Agassi in his final three matches. At just 17,
Agassi was among the best two dozen players in the world due largely to his
booming forehand. In 1982, Sweden's Mats Wilander won the French Open
at 17 in his very first attempt at Roland Garros. In 2005, Rafael Nadal of
Spain did the same in his first French Open, winning the title two days after
turning 19.
The great women champions tend to break through at even younger ages.
Steffi Graf, the most successful professional player with 22 singles titles at
Grand Slam tournaments, already reached the top 100 in the world rankings
xvi Ren� Stauffer
by age 13. Tracy Austin, Andrea Jaeger, Monica Seles, Jennifer Capriati, Anna
Kournikova, Martina Hingis, Maria Sharapova--all flourished in professional
tennis at very early ages.
I heard about Martina Hingis for the first time when she was nine and
appeared in the score columns of a little local newspaper as "Hingisova."
She was a phenom, already touted world-wide as a potential great champion
before she even played a match on the WTA Tour, similar to the stories of
Capriati and Venus and Serena Williams.
When she was 12 years old, Hingis played in the French Open junior girls
championships (for players 18-and-under), and there literally was a parade
of players, coaches, media representatives and fans who wanted to catch a
glimpse of this phenomenon. Mark McCormack, the founder and long-time
director of the International Management Group (IMG), the world's largest
sports agency, sat fascinated by the little girl in each of her matches through
the tournament.
When Hingis won the title and was awarded her trophy and flowers on
Court No. 2 at the end of the tournament, Bud Collins, the most widely-
known American tennis commentator, Boston Globe tennis columnist and
connoisseur of colorful slacks, sat at the edge of the court. "Hey, Stauffer,"
he shouted to me over the many rows of people. "Here's your meal ticket for
the next twenty years!"
What Collins meant--and how right he proved to be--became evident
to me with the passage of time. A single top player can fundamentally
change a country's tennis scene--and also improve prospects for reporters.
KP experienced this extreme change in Germany with Becker. For years, he
dreamed of covering a top-10 ranked German player--one who was worth
traveling the world, covering at all the major tournaments. Before Becker's
Wimbledon victory, KP fought with his editors to cover more tennis. Now,
his editors squeezed him like an orange and pressured him for more copy
and larger stories. "I've already submitted 1,000 lines," he groaned in 1985
after Becker's historic victory at Wimbledon, "and they still don't have
enough." How could I have known that this would happen to us years later
in Switzerland?
The Roger Federer Story xvii
Everything was different with Roger Federer. Although he qualified as an
early talent, he was never considered one who could ever dominate the sport.
Many who knew him from his youth are still amazed today at his develop-
ment. "I never would have thought that he would become No. 1. He wasn't
superman. He was just another competitor like everyone else," said Dany
Schnyder, one of his biggest rivals in his youth. Professional player Michael
Lammer from Zurich, a childhood companion of Federer, said, "You noticed
that he was a great talent when he was 15 or 16, but it was not until he went
to the top of the juniors at 17 that it first became clear that he had the stuff
to become a top player."
People like Bud Collins never sat in the grandstands at Federer's junior
matches, prognosticating his international career. It was remarkable that he
was the world's best junior as a 17-year-old and the winner of the Wimbledon
junior title in 1998. This, however, was no guarantee of becoming a top pro-
fessional player.
A few years would pass before a wider public took notice of him around
the world. In his early professional career, he was considered a super tal-
ented player, but one who appeared unlikely to live up to his potential. People
thought he was destined to be an underachiever. For years he was dogged by
the label "best player without a Grand Slam title."
Nobody expected greatness from Roger Federer--even in Switzerland. When
he first appeared on the scene, he was overshadowed by the success of Hingis,
who just became a major force in women's tennis. When he was on his way
to becoming the world's best junior, Hingis, his senior by just 312 days, was
already at her zenith. She won three of the four Grand Slam tournaments in
1997 and took center stage--especially in Switzerland. Why should one be at
all concerned about Federer, a talented junior with an uncertain future, when
Switzerland had the current No. 1 ranked woman in the world?
Even in Switzerland, there was very little talk about Federer as a future
No. 1 player. In the land of alpine skiing, one was cautious about raising
expectations. The exotic idea that a new Boris Becker or Pete Sampras could
be coming of age between Lake Geneva and Lake Constance hardly crossed
anybody's mind. However, this was not a disadvantage for the young player.
xviii Ren� Stauffer
To the contrary, Federer could develop quietly and not be subjected to the
pressures of expectations, from his parents and from the public.
Nonetheless, Federer grew up in a climate where professional tennis was
quite pervasive. The Swiss Indoors, one of the most important ATP indoor
tournaments, took place just a short stroll away from his ancestral home
in the suburbs of Basel. Roger's mother Lynette was very involved in the
tournament's organization and Roger himself was a ball boy at the event in
1994 and even had his picture taken with Jimmy Connors when he was a
13-year-old.
Swiss men's tennis had a short, but somewhat successful history in the
days shortly before and after Federer's birth. Heinz G�nthardt from Zurich,
who was somewhat prematurely celebrated as the new Bj�rn Borg after his
triumphs as a junior in 1976, pioneered the way for Switzerland in the 1970's.
At a time when hardly anybody could spell out the initials ATP (Association
of Tennis Professionals), G�nthardt won the junior tournaments at the
French Open and Wimbledon as a 17-year-old. Although he did not meet
expectations as a professional--due primarily to a chronic hip condition--he
managed to achieve a first in Springfield, Mass., when he won his first ATP
singles title and became the first player ever to win a tournament after losing
in the qualifying rounds of the tournament. (G�nthardt would enter the
tournament that he would eventually win as a "lucky-loser"--only fortunate
to gain entry into the tournament when player withdrawals allowed losers in
the qualifying tournament to gain entry into the event.) G�nthardt was a US
Open quarterfinalist in 1985 and won doubles titles at both Wimbledon and
the French Open. After his career, he served as Steffi Graf's coach and helped
her win 12 of her 22 Grand Slam tournament titles.
Shortly after G�nthardt's career ended in the mid 1980s, Swiss player
Jakob Hlasek climbed to the No. 7 world ranking in 1989. After Hlasek, it
was Marc Rosset, who won the gold medal in singles at the 1992 Olympic
Games in Barcelona.
Rosset was an individual to whom Federer could not only look up to because
of his stature, (Rosset is six foot, seven inches tall), but the man from Geneva
was also a consistent top 20 player in the mid 1990's and, with Hlasek, led
Switzerland to its only appearance in the Davis Cup final in 1992, where it
The Roger Federer Story xix
lost to the United States. Rosset was one of the first to recognize Federer's po-
tential. "He has everything he needs to become a top player--talent, ambition,
a smart mouth and the necessary will to endure," he said. He was also willing
to help Federer, who was 11 years his junior. He became Federer's mentor and
Federer felt himself drawn to Rosset as well. "Perhaps because we're both jok-
ers, honest, direct, impudent, vivacious and a little chaotic," said Federer.
However, Rosset's sympathy didn't go so far as to let Federer win right away
when they faced each other on tour later. Their very first match came in the
final match of the ATP event in Marseille in 2000, with Rosset winning in a
third-set tie-break in the first-ever ATP singles final played between two play-
ers from Switzerland.
Even though Federer did not grow up in a great tennis country, Switzerland
was also not a tennis "No Man's Land." Therefore, he saw no reason early on
why a Swiss man could not make it to the upper reaches of the tennis world.
---
[Cuối tài liệu]
Index
Acapulco 138 Babolat 206
ACE (Assisting Children Everywhere) 226 Baghdatis, Marcos 161-163, 167, 177, 235
Adams, Victoria 141 Ballesteros, Seve 140
Agassi, Andre xv, 25, 37, 42,48,60, 62, Barcelona xviii, 139, 164
Barker, Sue 84
67, 72, 79, 81, 91, 96-99, 106, 119,120, Barnes, Simon 220-221
123,130, 134,137-139,150-153, 156, Barossa Valley 12, 67
161, 163,167, 197, 200, 201, 207, 211, Basel xviii, 3-10, 18, 22-28, 44-49, 53,
212, 218, 220, 222, 223, 235, 240
Alinghi 86 58, 60, 67, 70, 83, 84, 101,104, 111, 116,
All England Club xiv, 54. 55, 78, 85, 86, 125, 127, 150, 152, 155, 156, 168, 173,
104, 105, 113, 115, 147,166,168, 215, 184, 200, 210, 220, 223, 231, 236, 241
221, 232, 236 Bastad, Sweden 150
Allegro, Yves 39, 54, 55, 78, 85, 86, 104, Bastl, George 51
105, 113, 115, 147, 166, 168, 215, 221, Beauty and The Beast 119
232 Beckenbauer, Franz 140
Allschwil 5, 8, 156 Becker, Boris xvi, 253, 147, 153, 169, 187,
Ancic, Mario 147, 233 188, 197, 198, 211, 217, 222, 224, 241
Andress, Ursi 220 Beckham, David 141
Andreev, Igor 116, 233 Belarus 52
Annan, Kofi 228 Bellinzona 11
Arazi, Hicham 62, 68-69 Berdych, Tomas 7, 118
Armstrong, Gerry 84 Bergelin, Lennart 87
Armstrong, Lance 140 Berneck, Switzerland 3,4
Arnold, Lucas 23 Bern 3, 38, 104, 208
Arthur Ashe Stadium 151, 202 Bertolucci, Paolo 32
Arthurs, Wayne 38, 92 Bhupathi, Mahesh 118, 234
Arzani, Nicola vii, 210, 219 Biel 18, 19, 46, 57
Aschwanden, Sergei 118 Bild 224
Ashe, Arthur 144 Bjorkman, Jonas 53
Athens 7, 116, 119, 140, 219, 230, 234 Blake, James 151, 170, 173, 177, 240, 242
Austin, Tracy xvi, 242 Bojnice 40
Austria 3, 213, 231, 233 Bollettieri, Nick 224
Australian Open 21, 35, 47, 60, 74, 75, Bosch, Guenther 7
98, 102-108, 111, 122, 123, 133-136, Borg, Bj�rn v, xii, xv, xviii, 24, 25, 55, 77,
139, 142, 160, 167, 175-181, 210-213, 85, 87, 109, 117, 119, 126, 128, 134,
225, 232-237 148, 166, 167, 168, 178, 180, 191, 207,
Ayala, Luis 177 212, 220, 234, 236, 238
247
248 Ren� Stauffer
Boston Globe xvi, 99, 222 Courier, Jim 25, 77, 109, 139, 172
Bottmingen 3, 104, 226 Court, Margaret Smith 123
Bouin, Philippe 195 Crawford, John Herbert 153, 177
Boutter, Julien 47
Bouttier, Jean-Claude 165 Daily Express 224
Boy From Oz, The 119 Daily Mirror 88, 224
Brennwald, Roger 24 Daily News of Los Angeles 171
British Daily Express 224 Daily Telegraph 82, 88, 171, 220, 221
Bucharest 111 Danzig, Allison 123
Budge, Don 122, 123, 142, 153, 163, 179, Davenport, Lindsay 212
Davis Cup ix, xii, xv, xiii, 23, 24, 28, 31-
236, 237
Burj al-Arab Hotel, Dubai 126 35, 38, 47-52, 60, 65-68, 77, 92, 93, 98,
Burer, Stefan 72 106, 110, 112, 119, 131, 132, 137, 143,
Bush, Barbara 127 155, 163, 173, 175, 186, 230-232
Bush, George H.W. 127 Davydenko, Nikolay 112, 144, 156, 161,
170
Cahill, Darren xii, 67, 130 Dedman, Robert 183
Calgary Sun 171 Dementieva, Elena 42, 226
Capriati, Jennifer xvi Deuce 227
Carlsen, Kenneth 193 De Vito, Danny 125
Carter, Peter 12, 13, 17, 18, 21, 29, 34, DiPasquale, Arnaud 42, 47, 118
Djokovic, Novak 173
26, 52, 60, 65-69, 87, 117, 130, 178, Doha, Qatar 175, 225
234 Doherty, Laurie 48
Cash, Pat 37, 63, 83, 85, 93, 106, 147 Douglas, Kirk 125
"CBS Early Show" 125 Dubach, Arthur 65
Chang, Michael 139, 144, 232 Dubai 75, 95, 111, 116, 126, 132, 137,
Chao Phraya River 125 138, 150, 163, 164, 166, 168, 175, 214,
Chiudinelli, Marco 8. 9, 11, 15, 137, 185 234
Christen, Bernhard 101 Duke of Kent 84
Christinet, Cornelia 14-16 Durand, Lynette 3, 4
Christinet, Vincent 14-16 Dusseldorf 210
Ciba 3, 5, 8, 20, 209
Cincinnati 150, 169, 176, 237 Eagle, Joshua 66
Clement, Arnaud 35, 47, 50-51, 112 Ecublens xi, 13-18, 45
Clijsters, Kim 226 Edberg, Stefan 25, 54, 77, 85, 109, 153,
Cochet, Henri 48
Coe, Sebastian 140 211, 220
Cohn, Arthur 125 El Aynaoui, Younes 68-69
"Cold Pizza" 124 El Guerrouj, Hicham 140
Collins, Bud xvi, xvii, 73, 95, 99, 222 Emerson, Roy 22, 178
Cologne 37 Escude, Nicolas 50-51
Concordia Club 6 Evert, Chris 211
Connolly, Maureen 123
Connors, Jimmy xviii, 25, 109, 122, 143, FC Basel 186
155, 176, 178, 199, 211, 222, 237 Federer, Diana 4, 6, 7
Copperfield, David 125 Federer, Heinrich 4
Coria, Guillermo 139, 140, 186, 217, 231 Federer, Lynette (Durand) 5, 6, 15, 18, 712,
Corretja, Alex 38-39
Costa, Albert 71-72 86, 147, 178, 204, 205, 209, 229
Costa do Sauipe 138
The Roger Federer Story 249
Federer, Robert 3, 4, 6, 18, 20, 63, 147, G�nthardt, Heinz x, xviii, 21, 72, 116,
148, 149, 178, 205, 209, 210 162, 191, 192, 206
Fernandez, Mary Joe 212 Gurler, Murat 41
Ferreira, Wayne 66
Ferrero, Juan-Carlos 72, 81, 89, 92-94, Haas, Tommy 22-23, 42, 60, 70, 161, 177
Hagler, Marvin 165
99, 106, 107, 110, 146 Halle, Germany 79, 95, 113, 146, 166
Fittipaldi, Emerson 140 Hamburg 38, 61, 62, 68, 77, 110, 112,
Flushing Meadows 150-151, 153, 185,
134, 140, 143, 151, 164, 172, 233
235 Hantuchova, Daniela 226
Forbes 212 Hermenjat, Jacques "Kobi" 21, 22, 89
Forstmann, Ted 213 Henin-Hardenne, Justine 43
Fracassi, Nohuel ix Henman, Tim 94, 11, 120, 173, 200
Franklin, Benjamin 218 Henry, Thierry 213
French Open xv, xvi, xviii, 30, 31, 38, 53. Hering Schuppener 210
Hewitt, Leyton xi, xiii, 17, 35, 44-45, 58,
62, 75-81, 91, 112, 117, 126, 132, 137,
140-145, 155, 158, 166,174, 178, 198, 60, 62-63, 70-77, 80- 81, 92-94, 98,
223, 231-235, 240 105-109, 113, 120-122, 128, 130, 135,
Freyss, Christophe 13 138-140, 143, 145-147, 151, 156, 177,
Fromberg, Richard 24 200-201, 222, 234,
Hingis, Martina x, xvi, xvii, 40, 43, 47, 57,
Gabriel, Craig 131 123, 299, 205
Gambill, Jan-Michael 47-48 Hippo Company 208
Gasquet, Richard 139, 140, 166, 236, 237 Hlasek, Jakob x, xiii, 49-52, 70, 189, 206
Gaudenzi, Andrea 60 Hoffman, Dustin 151
Gaudio, Gaston 127, 158, 200 Hofsaess, Klaus xiv
Gilbert, Brad 114 Hong Kong 229
Gillette 213 Hopman Cup 43
Gimelstob, Justin 48 Horna, Luis 76
Ginepri, Robby 151 Hotel Bellagio 125
Gloucester Hotel Casino xv Hotel Bellevue 89
Godsick, Tony 169, 212 Hotel du Crillon, Paris 126
Gonzalez, Fernando 23, 146, 173, 177- Houston 127, 129, 134, 157, 201, 202,
218, 233
178, 237 Hrbaty, Dominik 117
Gooding, Cuba 141 Huggel, Benjamin 186
Goteborg 37 IMG xvi, 205, 208, 210, 212, 213
Gottfried, Brian 122
Graf, Simon 215 The Independent 88, 165, 221, 224, 241
Graf, Steffi xv, 123, 211 Indian Wells 75, 95, 111, 119, 120, 137-
Gretsky, Wayne 223
Grone Tennis Club 185 139, 151, 163, 172, 213, 226
Groneveld, Sven 37 Ivanisevic, Goran 25, 56, 63, 128, 147,
Grosjean, Sebastian 81
Gross, Christian 186 153, 241
Gstaad 21, 22, 33, 57, 63, 86, 88, 89, 116,
Jaeger, Andrea xvi
117, 195, 231 Johnson, Michael 140
Guggach ix Jordan, Michael 140
Gullikson, Tom 32 Juan Carlos, King of Spain 141
Gulyas, Istvan 131
250 Ren� Stauffer
Kacovsky, Adolf "Seppli" 9, 10, 12, 88 Madrid 126, 135, 155, 156, 173, 184
Kafelnikov, Yevgeny 31, 39, 47, 48, 60, 110 Maldive Islands 175, 225
Kalwa, Jurgen vii Malisse, Xavier 32, 53
Kempton Park 3 Marcolli, Chris 193
Kendrick, Robert 167 Maribor 41
Kent, Duke of 184 Marseille 31, 35
Key Biscayne 95, 112, 138, 139, 151, 163, Martin, David 17
Martin, Todd 47
193, 231, 235 Massu, Nicolas 164
Kiefer, Nicolas 79, 146, 161 Mathabane, Mark 227
Kipling, Rudyard 104 Mauresmo, Amelie 226
Klaus-Peter "KP" see Witt Mauritius 101
Kooyong Classic 106, 134, 175, 176 McCormack, Mark xvi, 212
Kournikova, Anna xvi McEnroe, John xii, xv, 25, 44, 109, 124,
Kovac, Pavel 75, 79, 84, 113, 148
Krajicek, Richard 54 126, 128, 133, 140, 143, 147, 153, 158-
Kratochvil, Michel 38, 68 159, 162, 180, 187, 198, 208, 211, 217,
Kreuzlingen, Switzerland 40 223-224, 228, 234, 236, 238, 241
Kuerten, Gustavo 61, 156 McEnroe, Patrick 48, 54, 62, 246
McIngvale, Jim 97-99, 127
Labadze, Irakli 21 Medvedev, Andrei 142
Lacoste, Rene 162 Melbourne 20, 30, 60, 92, 106, 109,
Lacroix, Maurice 207, 210, 213 111,130, 131, 137, 161-163, 175, 178,
Lake Constance xvii, 3, 40 225
Lake Geneva xi, xvii, 13, 14 Melbourne Age 162
Lammer, Michael xvii, 11, 56-58, 156, 185 Mercedes 99
Lapentti, Nicolas 61 Mezzadri, Claudio 32
Laureus Award 140, 141, 164 Mickelson, Phil 76
Lausanne 112 Milan 47, 60, 232
Laver, Rod v, 93, 122-123, 131, 134, 142, Miles, Mark 229
Mills, Alan 84
147, 163, 178-180, 190, 236 Mirnyi, Max 61
Lendl, Ivan xv, 24, 25, 37,109, 132-134, Monte Carlo 33-34, 38, 53, 60, 139, 155,
163-166
143, 147, 151, 177, 190, 199, 200, 211, Montreal 57, 91, 92, 150, 156
223, 239 Morocco 68
Leonard, Sugar Ray 165 Moses, Edwin 140
L'Equipe 192, 195, 223 Moya, Carlos 69
Letterman, David 154 Munchenstein 8
Lewis, Chris 132, 147 Murray, Andy 155, 168, 237
Limpopo 66 Muster, Thomas 49, 109, 110, 126
"Live with Regis and Kelly" 124
Ljubicic, Ivan 134, 138, 157, 161, 194, 234 Nadal, Rafael 112, 122, 138-139, 144-145,
London 21, 22, 30, 35, 55, 62, 82, 91, 150-151, 155-156, 161, 164-168, 173-
104, 106, 200, 220 174, 177, 184, 200, 234-235
Lopez, Feliciano 26, 80, 88, 111
Lundgren, Julia 103 Nalbandian, David 24, 27, 60, 63, 70, 75,
Lundgren, Lukas 103 91-98, 106, 151, 157, 158-161, 164, 200,
Lundgren, Peter 18, 36-38, 45, 46, 47, 217, 235
50, 54, 55, 61, 62, 64, 67-69, 74, 76, 79,
82, 84, 86, 87, 96, 100, 101, 103-107, Nastase, Ilie 22, 140, 178, 211
117, 128, 134, Navratilova, Martina 41, 86, 140, 141,
153, 211
The Roger Federer Story 251
Nestor, Daniel 128 Renshaw, William 162
Neuchatel 50 RF Cosmetic Company 210
Neue Zurcher Zeitung 101-102, 189 Rios, Marcelo 37, 110, 139, 177
New Brighton 227 Roberts, John 221
Newcombe, John 22, 131, 143, 163, 236 Roche, Tony 22, 126, 131, 134, 136, 144,
Newsday 223, 228
New York Post 223 146-151, 163-165, 173, 175, 180, 190,
New York Times 194, 222, 240 191, 199
Nicklaus, Jack 140, 169. 179 Rochus, Christopher 53
Nike 25, 112, 146, 197, 206, 225, Rochus, Olivier 21, 53
Noah, Yannick 25, 143 Roddick, Andy 27, 70, 79, 81-83, 91-93,
Novak, Jiri 33, 89 97-99, 107, 109, 113-117, 120, 124-128,
Nuriootpa 12 147-151, 156, 161, 170, 173, 176, 177,
184, 193, 200, 201, 215, 221, 233
Oberer, Stephane 23, 31 Roland Garros xv, 41, 32, 76, 78, 112,
Oberwil 104 122, 131, 142-144, 163, 164,
Obwalden 105 Rolex 207, 213
Octagon 212 Rome 38, 60, 139, 155, 163-164, 166, 236
Ogi, Adolf 228 Rose, Charlie 124
Old Boys Tennis Club 8, 9, 12, 17, 88 Rosewall, Ken 22, 131, 178
O'Neal, Tatum 211 Rosset, Marc x, xiii, xix, 23, 25, 32-35, 46,
Oriental Hotel 125 49-51, 75, 91-92, 170, 205, 206, 232
Ruf, Walter 41
Pacific Life Open 119 Rye Brook, NY 37
Paes, Leander 86, 118
Paganini, Pierre 13, 45-47, 58-59 Safin, Marat 42, 53, 60-62, 69, 75, 77,
Panatta, Adriano 112 103, 107, 109, 128, 134-136, 139, 142-
Paris 21, 30, 31, 38, 62, 67, 70, 76, 78, 94, 144, 156, 161, 233, 234
126, 131, 142-145, 155, 156, 164-168, St. Jakobshalle Hall 24, 25, 173
178, 198, 218, 223 St. Polten 38
Parsons, John 220 "Sala Polivalenta" 111
Pavel, Andrei 111 Sampras, Pete v, xii, xv, xvii, 13, 23, 25,
Peninsula Hotel, NY 126, 153
Perry, Fred 142, 168 37, 42, 48, 53, 54-58, 62, 77, 80, 132,
Phelps, Michael 140 134, 139, 143, 148, 152-153, 168-169,
Philippoussis, Mark 35, 81-84, 105 171, 172-179, 197, 202, 206, 211, 220,
Phillips, Tim 104 223-224, 232, 235
Phukat, Thailand 73, 225 Sanguinetti, Davide 32, 60, 231
Pioline, Cedric 33, 51 Santoro, Fabrice 51
Port Elizabeth 226 Savoy Hotel 86
Portland 112 Schmidt, Caius 68
"Prix Orange" 219 Schmocker, Christophe 227, 228
Puerta, Mariano 144-145 Schnyder, Dany xvii, 10
Schnyder, Patty 10
Qi Zhong Stadium 157 Schuettler, Rainer 75, 99
Schumacher, Michael 140
Rafter, Pat 32-33, 54, 56, 82, 130, 133- Schweizer Illustriere 206
134, 143, 147 Sears, Richard 153, 162
Sedgman, Frank 48, 232
Ramirez, Raul 48 SFX 212
Raoux, Guillame 44, 231 Shanghai 7, 15, 69-71, 95, 96, 155-159,
173-176, 183, 229
252 Ren� Stauffer
Shanghai Daily 159 Vavrinec, Drahomira 40
Sharapova, Maria xvi, 146, 212 Vavrinec, Mirka 40-43, 58, 71, 79, 84-87,
Sheshan Golf Club 173
Shields, Brooke 211 102, 104, 112, 117, 118, 125, 129, 147,
Smash 10 155, 173-176, 187, 188, 209, 215, 227,
Smythe, Patty 211 Vavrinec, Miroslav 40
Soderling, Robin 165 Van Garsse, Christophe 32
Sonnstags Zeitung vii, 192, 215 Vienna 33, 47, 69, 70, 93, 95, 233
Sports Illustrated 223 Vilas, Guillermo 122, 158, 165
Squillari, Franco 61, 74 Vinceguerra, Andreas 21
Stammbach, Rene 50 Voinea, Adrian 61
Stadler, Roland 49
Staubli, Reto 27, 113, 215 Wagga Wagga 130
Steinberg, Mark 169 Wallis 185
Stern 220 Washington, MaliVai 62
Stolle, Sandon 66 Wawrinka, Stanislas 137
Suddeutsche Zeitung 220 Weber, Gerry 70
Swiss News Agency 227 Werder, Thomas 210, 227
Sydney 20, 39-42, 47, 50, 58, 60, 74, 118, Wilander, Mats xv, 37, 122, 143, 162,
130-133
Sydney Morning Herald 224 180, 198, 234, 236, 239
Wilding, Tony 153
Tages-Anzeiger vii, 245 Willenborg, Blaine xiv
Tennis Masters Cup 15, 58, 69-74, Williams, Robbie 187
Williams, Robin 151
95-102, 108, 119, 124, 127, 128, 155, Williams, Serena xvi, 86, 163, 199
156-161, 173, 186, 200, 201, 210, 218, Williams, Venus xvi
229, 233-235 Wilson 25, 54, 61, 197, 206, 208, 213
Thailand Open 125-126 Wimbledon v, x, xiv, xvi, xvii, 8, 15,
The Sun 148
Tilden, Bill 153, 178 21-25, 30-33, 39, 53-63, 67, 77-92, 97,
Tipsarevic, Janko 173 101-117, 122,123, 131, 41, 153, 184,
Toronto 66, 67, 117, 168, 234, 237 185 1978, 200, 201, 210-215, 220, 221,
Toulouse 24, 24, 28, 29, 75, 112, 231 228, 231-236
Trifu, Gabriel 111 Wintour, Anna 187
Trump, Donald 151 Witt, Klaus-Peter "KP" xiv, xv, xvi
Turramurra 132 Woodbridge, Todd 92
Woods, Tiger vii, 140, 169, 173, 179, 198,
199, 212, 213, 241, 243
Ubolratana, Rajakanya (Thai Princess) 126 Xhosa meal 227
Ulihrach, Bohdan 61 Yakin, Murat 186
Ungricht, Christine 68, 93
UNICEF 175, 226
US Open x, xviii, 24, 27, 28, 31-33, 39-
43, 58, 63, 68, 91, 92, 95, 108, 119-122,
126-128, 131, 135, 143, 145, 151, 153,
158, 170-179, 194-196, 198, 200, 210,
212, 223, 226, 229, 231-237