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Tóm tắt nội dung (trích từ tài liệu gốc): Tennis: Steps to Success Fourth Edition Jim Brown Camille Soulier Human Kinetics Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brown, Jim, 1940-- Tennis : steps to success / Jim Brown, Camille Soulier. -- Fourth edition. pages cm 1. Tennis. I. Title. GV995.B6924 2013 796.342--dc23 2012044147 ISBN-10: 1-4504-3208-5 (print) ISBN-13: 978-1-4504-3208-5 (print) Copyright � 2013, 2004, 1995 by Human Kinetics, Inc. Copyright � 1989 by Leisure Press All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, the reproduction or utilization of this work in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other
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Tennis: Steps to Success
Fourth Edition
Jim Brown
Camille Soulier
Human Kinetics
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brown, Jim, 1940--
Tennis : steps to success / Jim Brown, Camille Soulier. -- Fourth edition.
pages cm
1. Tennis. I. Title.
GV995.B6924 2013
796.342--dc23
2012044147
ISBN-10: 1-4504-3208-5 (print) ISBN-13: 978-1-4504-3208-5 (print) Copyright
� 2013, 2004, 1995 by Human Kinetics, Inc.
Copyright � 1989 by Leisure Press All rights reserved. Except for use in a
review, the reproduction or utilization of this work in any form or by any
electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including xerography, photocopying, and recording, and in any information
storage and retrieval system, is forbidden without the written permission of the
publisher.
The web addresses cited in this text were current as of February 2013, unless
otherwise noted.
Acquisitions Editor: Justin Klug Developmental Editor: Laura E. Podeschi
Assistant Editor: Tyler M. Wolpert Copyeditor: Patsy Fortney Graphic
Designer: Keri Evans Cover Designer: Keith Blomberg Photograph (cover):
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noted Photo Production Manager: Jason Allen Art Manager: Kelly Hendren
Associate Art Manager: Alan L. Wilborn Illustrations: � Human Kinetics
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To the memory of Clyde and Martien Brown and Milton G. and Leah St. Martin
Soulier
Contents
Climbing the Steps to Tennis Success
Acknowledgments
The Sport of Tennis
An Evolving Game
Equipment
Playing a Game, Set, and Match
Key to Diagrams
Step 1: Forehands: Controlling the Rally
Hitting a Forehand
Success Summary
Step 2: Backhands: Developing a Weapon
Hitting a Backhand
Success Summary
Step 3: Serves: Taking the Offensive
Hitting a Serve
Success Summary
Step 4: Volleys: Forcing the Action
Hitting a Volley
Success Summary
Step 5: Half Volleys: Getting Out of Trouble
Hitting a Half Volley
Success Summary
Step 6: Lobs: Changing the Pace
Hitting a Lob
Success Summary
Step 7: Overhead Smashes: Hitting the Put-Away
Hitting an Overhead Smash
Success Summary
Step 8: Drop Shots: Disguising Your Intentions
Hitting a Drop Shot
Success Summary
Step 9: Singles Tactics: Playing Your Game
Groundstrokes
Serves
Volleys
Lobs
Smashes
Drop Shots
General Tactics
Success Summary
Step 10: Doubles Tactics: Playing as a Team
Court Positions
Serves
Service Returns and Groundstrokes
Volleys and Poaching
Lobs
Smashes
Drop Shots
Choosing a Partner
Success Summary
Step 11: Special Situations: Managing the Match
Improving Concentration Skills
Adjusting to Opponents
Adjusting to Conditions
Success Summary
Preventing Tennis Injuries
Warming Up
Cooling Down
Injuries
Resources
Glossary
About the Authors
Climbing the Steps to Tennis Success
The sport of tennis has changed--from the way a racket is constructed to the
way it is held, the way it is swung, and the strategy used in singles and doubles.
Although tennis will continue to change, the fundamentals will not. The
"anything goes" look of today's strokes is effective only if there has been a
structured approach to learning the game that allows each player to find his or
her unique style of play.
The fourth edition of Tennis: Steps to Success provides that approach for players,
teachers, and coaches. With it, you can build a solid foundation or improve on
the one you've already developed. Every paragraph, drill, illustration, and color
photograph in this new edition has been reexamined, rewritten, or added by two
authors who have played, taught, and coached the sport. There is something new
on every page.
In steps 1 through 8, beginners can build their games with forehands, backhands,
serves, and volleys before learning how to use specialty shots such as the half
volley, lob, overhead smash, and drop shot. They can measure their success on a
10-point scale for each of the 84 drills in the book.
Intermediates can progress far beyond basic strokes, increasing and refining their
skills with game-and match-specific drills as they move closer to becoming an
advanced tennis player. Using steps 9 through 11, they can put their collection of
strokes into a game plan that includes big-picture strategies and point-by-point
tactics.
Instructors and teaching professionals who have established systems can select
from the drills, activities, and grading systems to enhance their programs. The
Sport of Tennis introduction includes a brief history of tennis, updated
equipment details, and an explanation of rules. An appendix has been added that
contains evidence-based guidelines for warming up and cooling down, plus an
expanded discussion of common tennis injuries--how to recognize, treat, and
hopefully prevent them. If you or your students are new to tennis, the glossary
contains 189 terms.
Coaches continually add pieces of information to their personal tennis databases.
Tennis: Steps to Success accelerates this process. In addition to the fundamentals
of stroke production, more than 250 suggestions are included in the final three
steps on singles tactics, doubles tactics, and special situations.
The success of this book and the entire Steps to Success series is based on a
systematic but flexible approach to playing and teaching. Tennis players and
teachers around the world follow the same sequence of learning activities as they
work through each step. Previous editions of Tennis: Steps to Success have sold
more than 100,000 copies in English and have been translated into seven
languages.
With this book, you are assured of getting the following court-tested teaching
and learning components:
Stroke Fundamentals
Steps 1 through 8 provide explanations for executing each stroke and images that
give you a mental picture of how to hit the ball. The explanations include tips for
getting into position, gripping the racket correctly, taking it back, swinging, and
following through.
Color Photos
Color photos have replaced line drawings. Each step has multiple images of real
tennis players demonstrating correct techniques.
Self-Paced Drills
The self-paced drills for each stroke are designed to be performed in the order in
which they appear. You should keep score along the way. The drills are
diagrammed and explained in terms that have been successfully used with
thousands of students.
Levels of Difficulty
Following each drill are suggestions for making it more or less difficult,
depending on the skill level of the player. Almost any drill can be made
challenging for a beginning, an intermediate, or in some instances, an advanced
player.
Success Checks
Every player needs key reminders about stroke production. Success checks are
cues the player and the teacher can use to improve technique without
overloading either of them with too much information.
Missteps and Corrections
There are no perfect tennis players. All of them make mistakes. Missteps tell you
what to look for, and corrections explain how to fix the problem. Players who are
familiar with common mistakes ahead of time may be able to avoid them
altogether.
Success Summaries
Near the end of each step is a success summary--a quick review of what you've
learned in that step.
Scoring Summaries
The scoring summary is a worksheet at the end of each step to record your
scores. Almost every drill in the book is based on a 10-point scoring system.
Perhaps you're almost a 10 on some strokes. If so, you're not a beginner
anymore.
Your reward for completing Tennis: Steps to Success is up to you. You may
simply want to enjoy a sport that provides a lifetime of healthy activity. Your
goal might be to become a tournament-level player, or you may want to guide
others as they discover the sport. Whoever you are, wherever you live and work,
and whatever your goal, Tennis: Steps to Success is ready to help you become
the best player, teacher, or coach you can be.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank all of the people who helped make Tennis: Steps to
Success possible, especially those in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. The book's photo
sessions became a community effort involving the Hattiesburg City Recreation
Department and the Racket Club of Hattiesburg (who allowed us to use their
courts) and more than a dozen Hattiesburg residents.
Michael Marengo, our talented photographer, deserves special recognition. He
spent countless hours taking more than 1,500 photos, communicating with
Human Kinetics photographer Neil Bernstein, and helping us select the final 80-
plus color photos that appear in the book.
The following Hattiesburg players volunteered to be photo models, ball
shaggers, court sweepers, drivers, and production assistants: Lilly Brady Ethan
Marengo Jean Denton Katherine Marengo Debra Dobbins Nicholas Marengo
Bronagh Gallagher Brad Martin Betty King Todd Martin
Margo Lamunyon Lauren Sanford David Lawrence, Jr. Nicholas Whitehead
Hannah Lee Trey Williams Barney Hebert Melissa Graves Finally, we want to
express our appreciation to Human Kinetics and acquisitions editor Justin Klug,
who gave us the opportunity to write the book, and Laura Podeschi, our
developmental editor, who was helpful, professional, and pleasant throughout the
process.
The Sport of Tennis
For a 41-year-old Welshman named Walter Clopton Wingfield, 1874 was a good
year. The British army officer received a patent for a game he called sphairistike
(alternately, lawn tennis); he published a 40-page rules book; and he sold more
than a thousand kits that included a net, posts, balls, and rackets.
The popularity of the game spread quickly, but players and officials soon
dropped the name sphairistike in favor of lawn tennis (and later, simply tennis),
and they changed Wingfield's hourglass-shaped court to one that was longer and
rectangular. Players also figured out that they didn't need Wingfield's kit to play
the game, sales sagged, and he let the patent expire after three years.
An Evolving Game
Even though Major Wingfield had borrowed elements from similar games that
had been played for hundreds (perhaps thousands) of years in various parts of
the world, he is generally given credit for inventing the game of tennis as we
know it. He didn't get rich with his invention, but he played an important role in
the development of a sport in which others have made millions and became
superstars. Wingfield's accomplishments led to his induction into the
International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island, in 1997--85 years
after his death.
It didn't take long for tennis to become an international sport. The first
Wimbledon tournament was held in 1877; the first U.S. Open, in 1881; the first
French Open, in 1891; and what would later be known as the Australian Open, in
1905. These four tournaments are now known as Grand Slam events.
Pioneers
Tennis had a history of being slow to include minorities, women, and people
from middle and lower socioeconomic groups. For too long, it was a sport
played mostly by wealthy men who belonged to exclusive clubs, but things
started to change after World War II.
Richard "Pancho" Gonzales, a public-court, self-taught power player who won
two U.S. Open titles (1948 and 1949) before turning pro at the age of 21,
cracked the door for other great Hispanic-American players. Althea Gibson (11
Grand Slam titles in the late 1950s) and Arthur Ashe (5 Grand Slam titles from
1967 to 1977) opened the door for African-American players. And Billie Jean
King, who won 6 Wimbledon championships and 4 U.S. Open titles from 1963
to 1975, knocked the doors down in her fight for women's pay and women's
rights in the world of tennis and beyond.
These pioneers and others (see the sidebar, Game Changers) made it possible for
the sport to be played by people of all classes and from all ethnic backgrounds
almost everywhere in the world. Most of the 30 million players in the United
States play on public courts, and most are amateurs who play for fun with
friends, in tournaments, on teams, or in leagues. About half of all U.S. players
are women.
Game Changers
Walter Wingfield gets credit for inventing the game we know as tennis,
but many others did things on and off the court that changed the game in
profound ways. Here are 11 of them, in no particular order, all of whom
have been inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.
Bill Tilden
Arguably the world's best and most visible player during the 1920s and
early 1930s, Tilden won seven U.S. Championships and played on seven
Davis Cup teams. He wrote tennis instruction books that were used for
decades.
Jack Kramer
Kramer pioneered the attacking game and dominated amateur and
professional tennis in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The Jack Kramer
Autograph Wilson racket sold 10 million frames. Later, he was a
promoter, a commentator, and the first director of the Association of
Tennis Professionals (ATP).
Richard Gonzales
Largely self-taught, Gonzales overcame racism and discrimination to win
back-to-back U.S. Open titles in 1948 and 1949. He elevated the serve-
and-volley game to a new level and was a colorful, major force in
professional tennis for two decades.
Althea Gibson
Gibson broke the color barrier when she played in the 1950 U.S.
Championships. She won five Grand Slam events, including singles titles
at Wimbledon in 1957 and 1958.
Harry Hopman
Coach Harry Hopman's Australian teams won the Davis Cup 16 times,
and he may have been the greatest Davis Cup coach ever. He taught and
coached many of the world's elite players in Australia and later in the
United States.
Gladys Heldman
Heldman founded World Tennis magazine. She played a key role in
creating and developing the Virginia Slims Circuit for women pros, the
first separate circuit for women and the precursor to the Women's Tennis
Association (WTA).
Bud Collins
Collins was internationally known as a tennis writer, journalist, and
historian. Later, he became the voice and the face of televised tennis as a
commentator. He has entertained and educated generations of tennis fans,
and added to the popularity of the sport.
Lamar Hunt
Hunt was perhaps the most important promoter of professional tennis in
the world. He created World Championship Tennis and, according to the
International Tennis Hall of Fame, "changed the way the world looked at
the game."
Billie Jean King
King won 10 Grand Slam events and has been called the most important
female athlete of all time. She was the first president of the WTA and
became the world's leading advocate of women's and team tennis.
Arthur Ashe
Ashe won titles in all four Grand Slam events. More than being a tennis
champion, this African American was recognized throughout the world
as a sportsman, statesman, activist, and ambassador for the sport of
tennis.
Mark McCormack
McCormack's International Management Group became the largest firm
in the world to represent athletes. He raised the profile of tennis with
clients such as Billie Jean King, Chris Evert, Bjorn Borg, Pete Sampras,
and Monica Seles.
Open Tennis
Open tennis meant that, for the first time, professional players were able to
compete in tournaments traditionally restricted to amateurs. Before open tennis,
money was paid covertly to some of the world's best players, even though they
retained their status as amateurs.
Players such as Jack Kramer, Pancho Gonzales, Pancho Segura, and Bobby
Riggs barnstormed the United States, touring the country and playing short-
duration events before small crowds in small venues. Some called it "the secret
tennis tour."
Open tennis was not a universally popular concept. The International Tennis
Federation (ITF), for example, threatened to prohibit players from entering its
tournaments if they turned pro.
Businessmen and promoters such as Kramer, Lamar Hunt, Dave Dixon, and
George MacCall had most of the world's best professional players under
contract. They convinced (perhaps coerced) the tennis establishment to allow
their contract professionals to play in Grand Slam and other high-profile
tournaments. When tournament officials reluctantly agreed to let the pros in, the
promoters threatened to keep those same players out until they were given
substantial prize money.
The first "Open Era" tournament was held in Bournemouth, England, in 1968.
The first open Grand Slam event was the French Open. Open Era tennis elevated
the quality of play, increased the number of spectators at tournaments, and made
the sport of tennis more attractive to television audiences.
Television
Television changed the game of tennis, mostly in good ways. In 1972, more than
50 million viewers watched Australian stars Ken Rosewall and Rod Laver play a
five-set classic. Rosewall won. A year later, Billie Jean King defeated the once-
great but aging tennis hustler Riggs in the Battle of the Sexes. The match took
place in the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, before a crowd of 30,000. Millions
more watched on TV. Superstar names boosted ratings. The Grand Slam
tournaments began to attract viewers from other sports who were not hard-core
players or fans.
The number of recreational players soared. Tennis-related products created an
economic boom that appeared to be directly related to the number of tennis
events shown on television. The tennis accessories that players wore and used,
the synthetic surfaces on which they played, and even the sport drinks and
energy bars they consumed had a crossover marketing effect on other sports
seeking to benefit from bigger television audiences and lucrative sponsorships.
American stars Jimmy Connors and John McEnroe played brilliantly during the
1970s and 1980s in nationally televised matches. However, their frequent unruly
behavior on the court (which included cursing, throwing rackets, and arguing
with officials) set an example that may have negatively influenced a generation
of young players.
Television even changed the way score is kept. With traditional scoring, the
length of matches is unpredictable, making it more difficult to slot advertising
and to manage a schedule. Therefore, tiebreaker games were introduced in some
cases so a 6-6 set would end quickly.
Technology
Technology continues to change the sport of tennis. At one time courts were
made of grass, clay, or concrete. Now they are made of synthetic materials with
made-to-order surfaces that affect the pace of play. Slower courts result in longer
points. Faster courts equal shorter points.
Rackets were traditionally made of wood, but in the 1970s racket construction
evolved to include materials such as aluminum, graphite, boron, fiberglass,
Kevlar, and carbon fiber. Today, composite rackets allow players to hit hard from
any position on or behind the court, regardless of technique. Serve-and-volley
tennis of the '70s, '80s, and '90s emphasized big serves, getting to the net early
in a point, and finishing with a volley or overhead smash. That style has given
way to serve-and-stay-back tennis, emphasizing big serves (some clock in at the
140 to 150 mph, or 225 to 241 km/h, range), powerful groundstrokes, and long
rallies. Volleys are less important in singles because players don't want to risk
being passed at the net by a technology-aided forehand or backhand.
Technology changed the size of racket heads from 60 to 70 square inches (387 to
451 sq cm) to jumbo-sized models. Racket heads are now between 95 and 118
square inches (613 to 761 sq cm). Racket head thickness changed from narrow to
wide and back to narrow again.
Instruction
Finally, tennis instruction and coaching are more available today than ever
before. Tennis pros, teachers, coaches, camps, courses, recreation department
programs, and clinics are easily accessible. Tennis organizations and companies
conduct training schools and certification programs at many levels to produce
future teaching professionals.
The availability of information regarding every facet of the game has, for the
most part, elevated the level of play. Unfortunately, Internet information is
scattered and sometimes inaccurate. It often raises more questions than it
---
[Cuối tài liệu]
round-robin--A competition in which all participants compete against each
other in a series of matches. The player or team finishing the competition with
the best win�loss percentage is the winner.
rush--To move toward the net following a forcing shot.
second--An informal expression used by some payers to remind the receiver
that the second serve is being played after a slight interruption.
semifinals--Matches played to determine the finalists in a tournament.
semiopen stance--A hitting position between an open and square stance in
which the feet are aligned so that the body is partially open to the net.
semi-Western forehand grip--A way of holding a racket that is approximately
halfway between an Eastern and Western forehand grip.
serve--The shot used to put the ball into play at the beginning of a point.
server--The player who begins a point with a serve.
service break--The loss of a game by the player serving.
service court--Either of two alternating areas into which the ball must be
served; its boundaries are the net, the center line, the service line, and the
singles sidelines.
service line--The line that is parallel to, and 21 feet (6.4 m) from, the net.
set--The part of the match that is completed when a player or team has won at
least six games and is ahead by at least two games.
set point--The stage of a set when a player or team can win the set by winning
the next point.
shadow swing--Like shadow boxing, a practice method in which a player goes
through the motions of a swing without hitting a ball.
shaft--The part of the racket between the head and the grip.
sideline--The boundary line that runs from the net to the baseline. The singles
sidelines are closer to the center of the court than the doubles sidelines.
single-elimination tournament--A type of competition in which players who
win their first match advance to the next round of competition, whereas those
who lose a match are eliminated from competition.
slice--To hit the ball with sidespin, like the spin of a top.
slow--The description of a court surface on which the ball bounces and slows
down after the bounce.
smash--See overhead smash.
split sets--An expression used to indicate that two players or teams have each
won a set.
split step--A footwork technique in which the player briefly squares the feet
when approaching the net just before hitting a volley.
square stance--A position in which the toes of both feet form a line parallel to
either sideline.
straight sets--Winning a match without losing a set.
stroke--The manner in which a ball is hit (forehand, backhand, volley, and so
on).
sweet spot--The exact place on the racket face that produces controlled power
with no vibration (may also be referred to commercially as the power zone).
synthetic gut--A type of racket string made from specially designed nylon.
T--The location on a tennis court where the center service line intersects the
service line to form the letter T.
take two--An expression meaning that the server should repeat the first service
attempt, starting the point over.
tank--To deliberately lose a point or a match.
teaching pro--A person who is paid to teach people to play tennis.
tennis elbow--An injury to the forearm tendon that is attached to the outer part
of the elbow.
throat--The part of the racket just below the head.
tiebreaker--A method of completing a set when both players or teams have
won six games.
titanium--A strong, lustrous white metal used in small amounts in the
construction of some rackets.
topspin--Bottom-to-top rotation on a ball, like a car wheel going forward.
touch--The ability to hit a variety of precision shots.
umpire--A person responsible for officiating a match between two players or
teams.
unforced error--A point lost with no pressure having been exerted by the
opponent.
United States Tennis Association (USTA)--A national, noncommercial
membership organization whose mission is to promote and develop the game
of tennis.
vibration dampener--A rubber or plastic device inserted at the base of the
racket strings (near the throat) to reduce the vibration on impact with the ball.
volley--A shot hit before the ball bounces on the court.
Western grip--A way of holding the racket in which the wrist is positioned
directly behind the handle.
wide--An expression used by some players to indicate a shot when out beyond
the sideline.
wide body--A description of a racket frame with a very wide head.
Wimbledon--A tournament in England, generally considered to be the most
prestigious in the world.
World Tennis Association (WTA)--An organization consisting of the world's
leading female professional players.
yoke--The part of the racket immediately below the head; the upper part of the
shaft; the throat.
About the Authors
Courtesy of Jim Brown
Jim Brown, PhD, has taught, coached, played, and written about tennis for over
40 years. He is the executive editor of the Steadman Philippon Research Institute
News and a regular contributor to health publications of the Cleveland Clinic,
Duke School of Medicine, and the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
He has served as the editor of Tennis Industry magazine, Tennis Clinic, Georgia
Tech Sports Medicine & Performance Newsletter, and Sports Performance
Journal.
Dr. Brown has written, coauthored, or edited 14 books and hundreds of articles
on sports, sports medicine, health, and education. He has been published
extensively online, having written columns for CBS Sportsline.com, USTA-
Southern Section, CorePerformance.com, and WebMD. His work has appeared
in such notable printed publications as Sports Illustrated for Women, Washington
Post, Better Homes and Gardens, Raising Teens, and New York Post.
During Dr. Brown's teaching career, he served as a clinician for the United
States Tennis Association; the American Alliance for Health, Physical
Education, Recreation and Dance; and the President's Council on Physical
Fitness and Sports.
He lives in Atlanta, Georgia.
Camille Soulier is a physical education instructor at Pearl River Community
College and director of junior and adult tennis programs at the Kamper Park
Tennis Complex in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. She has collaborated with Jim
Brown on a variety of teaching, coaching, and writing projects and enjoyed a
successful playing career at both the collegiate and USTA sectional and national
levels.
She currently holds numerous positions in the United States Tennis Association.
Most recently, she served as the head coach for the PRCC men's and women's
tennis team, where she was named the Region 23 Coach of the Year in 2000.
Camille lives in Hattiesburg, Mississippi.