Bỏ qua

🎾 Tennis - Skills - Drills - Human - Kinetics - 2012

Giới Thiệu

Tennis - Skills - Drills - Human - Kinetics - 2012 — tài liệu 272 trang từ thư viện sách tennis.

Chủ đề chính: Chuỗi động lực, Huấn luyện, Bài tập

Tóm tắt nội dung (trích từ tài liệu gốc): TENNIS Skills & Drills JOEY RIVE SCOTT C. WILLIAMS HUMAN KINETICS Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rive, Joey. Tennis skills & drills / Joey Rive, Scott C. Williams. p. cm. ISBN-13: 978-0-7360-8308-9 (soft cover) ISBN-10: 0-7360-8308-1 (soft cover) 1. Tennis--Training. I. Williams, Scott C. II. Title. GV1002.9.T7R58 2012 796.342--dc23 2011027132 ISBN-10: 0-7360-8308-1 (print) ISBN-13: 978-0-7360-8308-9 (print) Copyright � 2012 by Joey Rive and Scott C. Williams All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, the reproduction or utilization of this work in any form or by any

Lưu ý: Nội dung dưới đây được trích xuất tự động từ PDF gốc tiếng Anh, giữ nguyên ngôn ngữ để bảo toàn độ chính xác kỹ thuật.


Nội Dung Gốc (Tiếng Anh)

TENNIS



Skills & Drills



            JOEY RIVE

      SCOTT C. WILLIAMS



                             HUMAN KINETICS

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data



Rive, Joey.

 Tennis skills & drills / Joey Rive, Scott C. Williams.



     p. cm.

 ISBN-13: 978-0-7360-8308-9 (soft cover)

 ISBN-10: 0-7360-8308-1 (soft cover)

1. Tennis--Training. I. Williams, Scott C. II. Title.

 GV1002.9.T7R58 2012

 796.342--dc23



                                             2011027132



ISBN-10: 0-7360-8308-1 (print)

ISBN-13: 978-0-7360-8308-9 (print)



Copyright � 2012 by Joey Rive and Scott C. Williams



All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, the reproduction or utilization of this work in any form or by any

electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including xerography, photocopying,

and recording, and in any information storage and retrieval system, is forbidden without the written permission

of the publisher.



Acquisitions Editor: Laurel Plotzke Garcia; Developmental Editor: Heather Healy; Assistant Editor:

Claire Marty; Copyeditor: Joanna Hatzopoulos; Permission Manager: Martha Gullo; Graphic Designer:

Keri Evans; Graphic Artist: Tara Welsch; Cover Designer: Keith Blomberg; Photographer (cover): Clive

Brunskill/Getty Images; Photographer (interior): Neil Bernstein; Visual Production Assistant: Joyce Brum-

field; Photo Production Manager: Jason Allen; Art Manager: Kelly Hendren; Associate Art Manager:

Alan L. Wilborn; Illustrations: � Human Kinetics; Printer: Versa Press



We thank T Bar M Racquet Club in Dallas, Texas, for assistance in providing the location for the photo shoot

for this book.



Human Kinetics books are available at special discounts for bulk purchase. Special editions or book excerpts

can also be created to specification. For details, contact the Special Sales Manager at Human Kinetics.



Printed in the United States of America  10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1



The paper in this book is certified under a sustainable forestry program.



Human Kinetics

Website: www.HumanKinetics.com



United States: Human Kinetics            Australia: Human Kinetics

P.O. Box 5076                            57A Price Avenue

Champaign, IL 61825-5076                 Lower Mitcham, South Australia 5062

800-747-4457                             08 8372 0999

e-mail: humank@hkusa.com                 e-mail: info@hkaustralia.com



Canada: Human Kinetics                   New Zealand: Human Kinetics

475 Devonshire Road Unit 100             P.O. Box 80

Windsor, ON N8Y 2L5                      Torrens Park, South Australia 5062

800-465-7301 (in Canada only)            0800 222 062

e-mail: info@hkcanada.com                e-mail: info@hknewzealand.com



Europe: Human Kinetics                                                        E4810

107 Bradford Road

Stanningley

Leeds LS28 6AT, United Kingdom

+44 (0) 113 255 5665

e-mail: hk@hkeurope.com

To my father, Julio, and my mother, Gail, for inspiring me, and to my sons Zan and

Cameron for inspiring me as well.



  --Joey Rive



To my wife, Candace, and our children, Jasmine and Jaden Williams. To coach

Jack Bailey for 20 plus years of service to Scots tennis.



  --Scott Williams

  Contents



                                        Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

                                        Key to Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii



              Chapter 1 Forehand Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

              Chapter 2 Backhand Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

              Chapter 3 Forehand and Backhand Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

              Chapter 4 Serve Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

              Chapter 5 Return Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

              Chapter 6 Serve and Return Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111



iv

                                   Contents



Chapter 7 Net Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Chapter 8 Specialty Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Chapter 9 Net and Specialty Drills. . . . . . . . . . . 167

Chapter 10 Singles Strategy and Drills. . . . . . . . 187

Chapter 11 Doubles Strategy and Drills . . . . . . . 219



Drill Finder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253

About the Authors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263



                                                                       v

           Acknowledgments



                                     I would like to thank T BAR M Racquet Club and the entire staff for being so patient with

                                     me through this process, especially Glen Agritelly, Darren Boyd, Chris Wade, and Doug

                                     Kruger.



                                         Thanks to Bobby Bernstein, Dave Licker, Greg Alexander, and Doug Kruger for their

                                     technical help.



                                         Thanks to Laurel Plotzke Garcia, Heather Healy, and all the folks at Human Kinetics

                                     for giving me a chance.



                                         Thanks to Scott Williams for his help and for the opportunity to collaborate with

                                     him through the final stages of the book. Finally, I would like to thank all my friends and

                                     coaching buddies for their interest in the book and their continued support throughout.



                                                                                                                                             --Joey Rive

                                     Thank you to Joey Rive, Laurel Plotzke Garcia, and Heather Healy for making this book

                                     special. A special thanks goes to Cindy Newman and coach Jack Bailey.



                                                                                                                                       --Scott Williams



vi

Key to diagrams



X                Any player



S                Server



SP               Server's partner



R                Returner



RP               Returner's partner



K                King



CO               Coach



                 Path of player



                 Path of ball



1                Shot number



�                Bounce



                 Cone



E4810/Rive/KTD/419096/alw/R2-ke



                                     vii

This page intentionally left blank.

     1chapter



Forehand

 Skills

2 tennis Skills & Drills



     The forehand has become the weapon of choice for most tennis players today.

                                                How well a player hits this shot forecasts the style of play. The forehand is often

                                                central to the game plan for both sides of a match; a player can build a game

                                                plan around using it or combating it. A good forehand has power, consistency,

                                      accuracy, and variety. It enables a player to overpower an opponent, go from defense

                                      to offense with a single shot, or put an opponent on the defensive in order to transition

                                      to the net. Players with a strong forehand include Andy Roddick, Roger Federer, Rafael

                                      Nadal, Venus Williams, and Serena Williams.



                                          The forehand plays a large part in the process of a balanced groundstroke attack.

                                      Depending on individual strengths and weaknesses, a player can use it offensively to

                                      stay in a point until the right opportunity comes around or even to play a strong defense.

                                      An effective forehand is not only about power, it is also about the way the player uses it,

                                      such as to set up net play or a killer backhand down the line.



                                          Over the last 40 years the forehand has evolved from the classic Continental grip into

                                      more choices such as the Eastern, semi-Western, and full Western grips. Players have

                                      used classic forehand styles within an attack style strategy--flat balls or balls hit on the

                                      rise--but they focused on placement and finesse. Today the way players strike the ball is

                                      considerably different. Racket technology and advances in proper technique have made

                                      hitting the forehand more of a full-body workout designed to deliver a striking blow. This

                                      is apparent in the professionals and young juniors of today. The modern-day forehand

                                      strategy is more aggressive and designed to hit a winner from the backcourt or take time

                                      away from an opponent in an effort to control play.



                                          Today's forehand also depends on a big serve. Modern tennis could be called the

                                      serve-and-forehand era. When technology and sport science advanced greatly from the

                                      mid- 1980s through the 1990s, the conventional ways of winning points, such as the

                                      serve-and-volley, or the Swedish way, of outlasting an opponent on the court, became

                                      less effective. The return came back faster and the ball was struck with greater velocity.

                                      Thus, the forehand became a weapon. Instead of a chess match, tennis became a power

                                      game and, consequently, the emphasis changed toward the first strike.



                                          This chapter covers offensive and defensive styles as they relate to the forehand, the

                                      various forehand shots, the technique for those shots, and the characteristics of a good

                                      forehand. Chapter 3 provides drills needed for developing a great forehand weapon.



              Choosing a Forehand



                                      Today's game is ruled by the forehand first. Even if a player's most powerful weapon is the

                                      backhand, the forehand must be strong. The player needs to develop the forehand well in

                                      order to counter the opponent's forehand long enough to use the backhand effectively.



                                          The quality of the forehand shot determines the player's offensive and defensive

                                      nature and provides the player with the basis for the resulting game style and plan. So,

                                      when learning or reviewing technique, it is vital that the player stay current. The goal is

                                      to have great technique for every shot, so the player should constantly try to improve.

                                      All players must be able to execute a variety of both offensive and defensive forehands.



                                          Technique is important in a player's development, and it dictates what the player's

                                      better shots will be. A player should choose a grip, stance, and stroke (swing path) that

                                      correspond to the goals for the forehand and can help the player develop to the highest

                                      levels.



                                          There are five types of forehands: the Eastern forehand, the semi-Western forehand,

                                      the Western forehand, Continental forehand, and the slice forehand. Each shot is charac-

                                      terized by its grip and has a different technique for its use. The player should first choose

                                      the most comfortable grip, which in turn dictates the type of forehand and the technique

                                                 3 ForehanD SkillS



for hitting it. Still, it is important to master multiple grips in order to shift between fore-

hands, such as the defensive slice versus an offensive winner or a forehand rally shot.



    The Eastern and semi-Western forehand grips are the most versatile. The Continental

and Western forehand grips are used less often because they have limitations in hitting

certain shots, such as high and low balls. The Western grip can be used aggressively on

higher bouncing surfaces such as clay or hard court. A person using the Western grip has

to be proficient at quickly changing to other grips for certain shots, such as from a West-

ern forehand to an Eastern backhand grip on a one-handed backhand (see Forehands

and Grips, p. 5).



Footwork and Body Position



No matter what forehand technique a player chooses, the player needs to use proper

footwork and body position to get set to hit the ball. Knowing how to move quickly and

efficiently results in greater choices for controlling the ball.



Movement



Movement to the forehand side is vital to the success of the shot. The player should keep

the feet moving at all times when the ball is in play and split step when the opponent hits

the ball. A split step is jumping an inch or two (2.5 to 5 cm) off the ground and landing

on the balls of the feet, ready to move (see figure 1.1). For balls hit to the right side, the

player should step out with the right foot (see figure 1.2) and try to line up the right foot

behind the incoming ball. For balls hit to the left side, the player should step out with the

left foot and line it up behind the incoming ball. Once lined up on the ball, enough weight

should be loaded on the leg and foot to establish balance as the player begins to push off

and transfer weight into the shot. In other words, the first step gets the player to the ball

quickly and efficiently, making the execution of the whole shot easier.



Figure 1.1 Split step.  Figure 1.2 Step to the right after split step.

4 tennis Skills & Drills           Stances



     Figure 1.3 Open stance.       Three types of stances are used in tennis: open, semi-

     Figure 1.4 Semi-open stance.  open, and closed. A player's stance is dictated by the shot

                                   being hit and by personal preference. The player should

                                   use a stance that creates the best platform for the player's

                                   legs to push off and hit a powerful shot. As long as a player

                                   knows the proper technique for the different stances, all

                                   three can be effective.



                                   Open Stance



                                   In an open stance (figure 1.3), the player uses the back leg

                                   to load and set the feet in a manner that keeps the body

                                   relaxed, balanced, and open to the shot. A player should

                                   experiment with the open stance to see what feels the most

                                   comfortable for control and power. The grips and strings

                                   used today are based on topspin and allowing the arm the

                                   maximum ability to swing freely. The degree to which a

                                   player uses an open stance depends on shots hit by oppo-

                                   nents. Strong, high-bouncing shots hit out of the player's

                                   strike zone may require more of an open stance because of

                                   the lack of time to prepare and to line up the feet on the ball.

                                   Windy conditions, playing left-handed servers who swing

                                   wide, or playing great right-handed kick serves on the ad

                                   side of the court can require an open stance as well.



                                       Players can use the open stance on all of the forehand

                                   shots. It can be used on shots hit directly to the player or

                                   on tougher balls that require stretching. The open stance

                                   gives the player the advantage of getting to more balls and

                                   hitting them aggressively. It gives the arm ample space

                                   to strike the ball and swing freely, especially on those

                                   tougher, higher balls. Drawbacks of hitting with an open

                                   stance relate to the amount of power a player achieves

                                   through the hitting zone. A shot hit from an open stance

                                   relies on angular momentum (created by rotation only),

                                   which produces less power compared with a square

                                   stance that combines linear and angular momentum.



                                   Semi-Open Stance



                                   The semi-open (also known as semi-closed) stance,

                                   shown in figure 1.4, is a form of the open stance and is used

                                   regularly when players move around their backhand to hit

                                   a forehand. Some players like to hit with an open stance

                                   regardless of the oncoming ball but others prefer to use

                                   a semi-open stance for a shot that is hit directly to them,

                                   giving them the option to hit through the shot more by

                                   using linear and angular momentum. This stance is espe-

                                   cially useful on shots where the player is pulled away from

                                   the center of the court and needs balance through con-

                                   tact. The back leg loads as it does with the open stance,

                                   but the front leg comes a little more in front and to the

                                   side. A player can use this stance on all forehand shots.

                                                                                             5 ForehanD SkillS



Closed Stance



When using the closed stance (figure 1.5), a player sets

the back leg in the loaded position but brings the front leg

directly in front of the back leg to effectively close the hips

and shoulders to the net. It is also known as the square

stance. The use of this stance depends on a player's prefer-

ence and how quickly the player moves to the ball. If a player

can get to the ball in plenty of time and prefers to set both

legs (one in front of the other), the closed stance is more

powerful. A closed stance is best used on shots that are hit

directly to the player. It becomes increasingly difficult to hit

a closed stance when stretching out for wide shots.



Forehands and Grips



Figure 1.6 shows a view of the bottom octagon of a racket         Figure 1.5 Closed stance.

and, for the purposes of grip discussion, numbers each of

the bevels of the racket handle. All of the grips are based

on how a player positions the bottom knuckle of the index

finger, or the index knuckle (see figure 1.7), on the bevels.

Figures 1.8a and b on page 6 show the placement for the

index knuckle for a right-handed and a left-handed player

for all of the forehand grips.



                   1  2

    8                     3



7



6                     4



   5



Figure 1.6 The eight bevels of the racket.                        Figure 1.7 The index knuckle.

6 tennis Skills & Drills



                              -- Continental      Continental --

                                   -- Eastern     Eastern --



                              -- Semi-Western     Semi-Western --



        |                                                               |

   Western                                                         Western



A                                              B



Figure 1.8 The location of the index knuckle on the racket for (a) right-handed players and (b) left-

handed players using the forehand grips.



                                                   All current grips can be traced back to the Conti-

                                               nental grip shown in figure 1.9. Tennis pioneers used

                                               the Continental grip because the game was originally

                                               played on grass, where the ball bounced low. This

                                               grip is now primarily used for slice forehands, back-

                                               hands, the serve, forehand and backhand volleys, and

                                               the overhead. The Continental grip is a great grip for

                                               low balls and balls hit at hip level. To find this grip, the

                                               player puts the dominant hand flat on the strings and

                                               moves the hand down to the grip. The top part of the

                                               grip is in the V between the thumb and forefinger, and

                                               the index knuckle is on bevel 2 of the racket handle for

                                               right-handed players and bevel 8 for left-handed play-

                                               ers (refer to figures 1.6 and 1.8).



                                                   One limitation of hitting with this grip is that it can

                                               be difficult to combat the heavy topspin that most

                                               players use. Rather than having to switch grips to cope

                                               with various ball heights and spins, most players tran-

                                               sition to using the Eastern or semi-Western forehand

                                               grips, which can be used to play any forehand. Using

                                               a hybrid grip (somewhere between the Eastern and

                                               semi-Western grips) is an option that allows players to

                                               tailor their grip to match their swing.



Figure 1.9 Continental grip.

                                                                                               7 ForehanD SkillS



Eastern Forehand and Grip



The Eastern forehand (see figure 1.10) is one of the most      Figure 1.10  Eastern grip.

versatile grips in modern-day tennis. For the Eastern fore-

hand grip, the index knuckle is on bevel 3 of the racket

handle for right-handed players and bevel 7 for left-handed

players (refer to figures 1.6 and 1.8). As shown in figure

1.10, the racket begins to close if the player holds the arm

in front of the body.



    The use of this grip depends on the player's swing and

how much topspin the player wants to put on the ball. The

Eastern grip does not automatically create as much top-

spin as the semi-Western grip. A player needs to develop

strong wrists and a higher loop (to sweep under the ball

more) to achieve the same topspin with the Eastern grip

that is already built into the semi-Western grip. The East-

ern forehand grip is popular with players who like to drive

their forehands (flat) as well as use topspin.



    The main disadvantage of the Eastern grip is the reduced

ability to counter (defend) against a ball that bounces high.

The Eastern grip has a slightly more closed face on the

takeback, so to use this grip for countering high-bouncing

balls, a player needs accurate timing and strong wrists to

be able to impart topspin back to the opponent.



Semi-Western Forehand and Grip



The semi-Western forehand (see figure 1.11) is the most

popular forehand technique in today's game. Top profes-

sionals, such as Rafael Nadal and Venus Williams, as well

as juniors use the semi-Western forehand grip. For right-

handed players, the index knuckle is placed on bevel 4 and

bevel 6 for left-handers (refer to figures 1.6 and 1.8). The

racket face if you were to hold the racket in front of you

would be slightly more closed than the Eastern forehand.



    The semi-Western grip is designed for players who are

trying to produce a lot of topspin on their shots. Because

the racket face is slightly more closed than in the Eastern

forehand, it allows the player more flexibility to counter an

opponent's high-bouncing shot. The main disadvantage of

this grip occurs when countering a low or slice shot. If a

player is not properly loaded and low enough to accept the

oncoming shot, then it is a struggle to get under the shot in

an appropriate fashion.



                                                               Figure 1.11 Semi-Western grip.

8 tennis Skills & Drills



                                                      Western Forehand and Grip



                                                      The Western forehand technique uses a grip that is



                                                      more extreme than the Continental, Eastern, and



                                                      semi-Western forehands as shown in figure 1.12. For



                                                      this grip, both right-handed and left-handed play-



                                                      ers place the index knuckle on bevel 5 of the racket



                                                      handle (refer to figures 1.6 on page 5 and 1.8 on page



                                                      6). This grip puts the palm of the hand completely



                                                      under the racket handle.



                                                      The main advantage of the Western forehand grip



                                                      is the amount of topspin it can generate. This grip is



                                                      the choice for a player who wants to hit the ball with a



                                                      lot more topspin (especially on higher balls) than the



                                                      other two more modern grips. Players who play on



                                                      clay courts or slow, hard courts may gravitate toward



                                                      this forehand grip. Usually the player who uses it is



                                                      used to slower-paced or higher-bouncing shots. If the



Figure 1.12 With the Western grip, when the racket    player exclusively uses slower surfaces against the

is turned over to playing position, the palm will be  same types of opponents, then perfecting the West-

completely under the racket.                          ern forehand could be an advantage.



                                                          Unfortunately, the disadvantages of this grip can be



                          numerous, especially for players who play on various surfaces. A player using this grip is



                          susceptible to lower shots and slices from an opponent, which, if played on a faster surface,



                          can present a challenge. On a faster surface the ball doesn't bounce as high, so a player has



                          to make different swing adjustments. It is more prudent to develop a stroke that can adapt



                          to all surfaces. Also, because of the many grip changes that can occur during a point, the



                          extreme nature of the grip makes it harder to switch to other grips.



                          In addition, the technique required to hit a Western forehand can be too extreme. The



                          grip causes the wrist to lay back more than with the semi-Western or Eastern forehand. This



                          makes it difficult to extend the wrist through the point of contact. Because the grip is so far



                          under the racket handle, the elbow bends more and becomes almost in line with the bottom



                          of the butt cap of the racket. This sometimes causes swing problems for a player, such as



                          dragging the racket head, and hampers the player's ability to smooth out the swing.



                          Forehand and Styles of Play



                          Tennis has five styles of play: aggressive baseline play, all-court play, serve-and-volley

                          play, rallying baseline play, and defensive play. Aggressive baseline play and all-court

                          play are considered offensive and are built around the forehand. Serve-and-volley play-

                          ers build their games around their serve and attacking style, but they can still use the

                          forehand as a weapon. Rallying baseline play and defensive baseline play use the fore-

                          hand as a rally ball or in a defensive manner.



                              A player's style is based on what forehands are the player's favorites, the technique

                          for those shots, overall on-court personality, and the player's aggressive or defensive

                          nature. A player can change or improve playing style by adding shots to the repertoire

                          and improving technique. A player should try to establish one particular forehand shot

                          as a weapon, then add and develop other shots to complement the particular style. One

                          of the main goals of choosing a grip is to use one that corresponds with the player's style

                          of play. Table 1.1 shows the type of forehand technique that players can use in each style

                          of play based on grip choices.

                                                                                              9 ForehanD SkillS



Table 1.1 Techniques for Styles of Play



  Type of      Aggressive  All-court         Style of play  Rallying                          Defensive

technique       baseline                                    baseline                           baseline

                                  X           Serve-and-

    Eastern             X                        volley           X                                   X

forehand grip

Semi-Western                                           X          X                                   X

forehand grip

               X           X                 X                    X                                   X

    Western

forehand grip  X           With good use of                                                           X

 Continental

forehand grip              different grips



                                             X



Points of Contact and Strike Zones



Players should know the correct contact point and strike zone for the shots they want

to execute. Their court position, movement, and racket preparation should match that

contact point. Three points of contact are possible: attack, rally, and defensive. They fall

in a horizontal plane (see figure 1.13). Although players must address each individual

ball in a groundstroke, the style of play sets the tone for the types of shots they want



A                 B                                         C



Figure 1.13 The points of contact include the (a) attack, (b) rally, and (c) defensive.

10 tennis Skills & Drills



                                      to execute. For example, aggressive baseline players predominantly want their contact

                                      points in front to maintain the attacking style of play. The strength of the opponent's shot

                                      also dictates a player's contact points. A player needs to use shot selection and contact

                                      points together to keep a rally going and to help establish control of a point.



                                          The attack point of contact is in front of the body or in front of the front foot. The

                                      attack point of contact is usually a crosscourt shot or any shot that is played from a

                                      position of strength in the court. This position is usually inside the baseline. For example,

                                      a down-the-line forehand may be contacted a little late, but it is attacking if the court

                                      position is inside the baseline. However, a player can possess a weapon that is hit with an

                                      early contact point but from deeper in the court; as long as the success rate stays high,

                                      it is attacking.



                                          The rally point of contact is between the hips and is offensive if a player hits with

                                      heavy topspin. The later contact point allows for maximum load to be drawn from the

                                      legs in the execution of the shot. A rally point of contact is used to neutralize a player and

                                      increase the chance to get a better opportunity later in the rally. Rally shots are usually

                                      played crosscourt or as a high, heavy down-the-line shot, and they are usually executed

                                      from the baseline or just behind it.



                                          The defensive point of contact is in line with or behind the back hip and is usually

                                      played as a high, heavy shot to get back into the point or a ball hit with a higher trajectory.

                                      This contact point suggests a good shot from an opponent or possibly poor movement

                                      to a shot. Players usually use a defensive contact point when they are behind the base-

                                      line and playing defensively.



                                          The three strike zones--lower-level, midlevel, and upper-level--fall in a vertical plane

                                      (see figure 1.14). Great players can hit winners from all three strike zones. The mid- and

                                      lower-level strike zones are especially preferred for hitting topspin. Most players should

                                      attempt to meet the ball in the ideal, midlevel strike zone.



A  B  C



Figure 1.14 The strike zones include the (a) lower-level, (b) midlevel, and (c) upper-level.

                                                 11 ForehanD SkillS



    The upper-level strike zone is at shoulder level or higher. Usually a ball hit from this

strike zone is hit with heavy topspin or a higher trajectory. In today's game, a common

offensive strategy is to step back from a high-bouncing shot to let it come down farther

into the preferred strike zone so the player can answer with an effective shot. Players

from earlier generations may have scoffed at this idea; they would have taken this ball

earlier to prevent giving up court position. Ultimately, though, a player's goal when hitting

in the upper-level strike zone is to execute a quality shot that gives a better opportunity

on the next shot.



    The mid-level strike zone is between the shoulder and the knee (as is the strike zone

in baseball), and it is used for shots with a rallying type trajectory that gives the player

depth on the shot. Because most shots can be executed well in this strike zone, players

need to be able to move and play in a court position that allows them to hit as many shots

as possible in it. An aggressive player who moves well can do this. An opponent who hits

high-bouncing and penetrating shots to a player near the baseline can make hitting balls

in the midlevel strike zone difficult because they can force a player backward in the court.



    The lower-level strike zone is below the knee and down to the ground. This strike zone

is usually used for a low ball from the opponent or a ball that a player is late getting in

position for. It can still be aggressive if the player attacks the ball with power from the

legs and takes it early. A player who perpetually hits balls in this zone is usually relegated

to playing defensively. A player who tries to be aggressive from a defensive position is

playing low-percentage tennis.



    The strike zone depends on where a player feels most comfortable executing a shot,

the depth of an opponent's shot, and the potential bounce of an opponent's shot. Players

who do not like to hit high-level shots around shoulder level must learn to take the ball

earlier in their preferred strike zone. The styles of play also influence strike zones. Play-

ers using aggressive baseline and all-court styles need to be able to attack from all three

strike zones. Because of the nature of the transitioning style, players using the serve-and-

volley style must be able to aggressively hit balls low in the strike zone because many of

their shots are taken on the rise. Rallying baseline players are more comfortable hitting

balls in a midlevel strike zone, and defensive players hit shots from a mid- to lower-level

strike zone because of their defensive nature or poor movement to the ball.



Stroke Technique



After choosing a grip to suit individual game style and goals, the player is ready to take

a closer look at the technique needed throughout the stroke pattern. The following text

breaks down the different actions that make up the phases of the forehand stroke: prep-

aration and backswing, forward swing and contact, and follow-through. The breakdown

presents the technique and chain of events for executing a successful Eastern forehand.



    Two of the other forehands, semi-Western and Western, require some slight modifi-

cations to accommodate their grips but otherwise follow the same pattern. The stroke-

specific modifications are noted. The fourth type of forehand, the slice forehand, can

actually be executed with two different grips (Continental and Eastern, though most

commonly Continental) and requires a bit more modification. The counterattacking slice

approach is addressed in Playing the Forehand on page 27.

12 tennis Skills & Drills



                           Preparation and Backswing



                                      In the ready position (between shots), the arm is comfortably to the side with the elbow

                                      bent and placed midway between the waist and shoulders. The racket head is up and

                                      pointing slightly backward with the wrist taut. The core of the player is low and comfort-

                                      able and getting ready to rotate for loading. As the ball approaches, the shoulders and

                                      trunk begin the unit turn and loading process. The player makes a half turn of the shoul-

                                      ders backward (see figure 1.15) for a rally ball or a quarter turn (45 degrees) for a ball hit

                                      deep or if the player is in a hurry (that is, in open stance).



                                          As the shoulders and trunk rotate, the wrist and racket face also begin to pull back-

                                      ward and loop in a high-to-low fashion. The player must comfortably bend the elbow

                                      behind the body to allow a fluid full swing that loops under the ball to create the desired

                                      low-to-high movement (see figure 1.16). The racket head is up and the face of the racket

                                      is outward. The racket should set in the same direction of the back leg that is loading for

                                      the shot.



                                          As the shoulders and racket pull back, the front arm goes forward to provide balance

                                      and to track the oncoming ball. How far in front to pull the arm depends on the player's

                                      comfort and balance. The arm can be held out straight in front or a little farther back, but

                                      no farther than the potential contact point. At the same time, the player's weight starts

                                      to shift easily backward; the back leg bends. The player should keep the body weight

                                      toward the back foot and with the knees bent until the loop begins.



                                          Players should experiment with the grip to find the proper amount of loading for the

                                      legs. They should find a comfortable core position that provides the desired power and

                                      topspin. It is helpful to think of the load in terms of how much power and topspin the

                                      player is trying to generate. Too much loading of the legs followed by an upward unload-

                                      ing of the legs creates topspin and not as much power. Loading lightly on the legs to push

                                      upward and outward to the target area produces a more powerful shot.



Figure 1.15 Unit turn.  Figure 1.16 Preparation and backswing.



---

[Cuối tài liệu]

Drill           Forehand

                              Backhand



                                            Serve

                                                          Return

                                                                         Net skills

                                                                                       Specialty skills

                                                                                                     Singles

                                                                                                                    Doubles

                                                                                                                                  Page #



Lob volley            X  X  178

                            179

Drop volley           X  X  179

                            179

Low volley            X     180

                            180

Half volley     X  X  X  X  180

                            180

 Quick hands          X     181

and quick feet              181

                      X  X  182

     volley                 182

                            182

   Deuce-ad                 182

 volley game                183



Volley target         X  X   259



  Live volley         X



     Power            X  X

   overhead

                      X  X

 Scissor kick

   overhead           X  X



  Backhand            X

     smash

                      X

  Overhead

     target           X  X



Live overhead         X  X



  Drop shot

     target



 Drop shot to

   drop shot

Drill           Forehand

                              Backhand



                                            Serve

                                                           Return

                                                                         Net skills

                                                                                       Specialty skills

                                                                                                      Singles

                                                                                                                    Doubles

                                                                                                                                  Page #



  Drop shot           X  X                                        183

  technique

                         X                                        183

   Forward

running shot             X                                        184



Tweener shot



Slap shot                X                                        184



   Double                X                                        184

desperation



     shot



Approach,



volley, and     X  X  X                                           185



overhead



Approach and    X  X  X                                           185

      pass



Volley and lob  X  X  X                                           185



No winners            X                                           186



Coach



Williams        X  X  X  X                                        186



special



                      Chapter 10: Singles Strategy and Drills



Three-quarter                                                  X  202

   court drill



Alley drill                                                    X  203



Walk-in drill                                                  X  204



Running the                                                    X  205

 opponent



260

    Drill         Forehand

                                Backhand

  First strike

Hitting shots                                 Serve

                                                            Return

   to set up                                                               Net skills

   strengths                                                                             Specialty skills

 Deflate and                                                                                           Singles

   inflate or                                                                                                         Doubles

  inflate and                                                                                                                       Page #



     deflate      X                                                                  206

   Offensive

    inflation     X                                                                  207



     versus       X                                                                  208

   defensive

   deflation                                                                   X     209

                  Chapter 11: Doubles Strategy and Drills

Switch game

                                                                                  X  236

    Hot seat

                                                                                  X  238

 Champs up

  the middle                                                                      X  239



     Hands                                                                        X  240



      Kings                                                                       X  241



Best of seven                                                                     X  243



Dip, rip, angle,                                                                  X  245

      or lob

                                                                                  X  245

 Four square

                                                                                  X  246

 Offense and

    defense



                                                                                                                                            261

This page intentionally left blank.

About the authors



                                                       Joey Rive played on the ATP Tour for 8 years,

                                                       competing in each of the 4 Grand Slams, and

                                                       achieved a top 60 player ranking in singles and

                                                       top 50 ranking in doubles. Rive also played

                                                       Davis Cup tennis for Puerto Rico and practiced

                                                       with the U.S. Davis Cup team. He was recently

                                                       inducted into the hall of fame in Puerto Rico.

                                                       Rive has been inducted into the Hall of Fame

                                                       at Florida State University, where he won MVP

                                                       honors for his team and conference as a player.

                                                      He also received Tennis magazine's Sportsman

                                                       of the Year Award.



                                                           After his successful playing career, Rive

                                                       coached at Florida State University, the Univer-

                                                       sity of Alabama, and Texas Christian University.

                                                       He produced multiple All-Americans, two con-

                                                       ference titles, and one NCAA final four finish.

During his tenure as a college coach, he was voted PTR College Coach of the Year. Rive

also spent three years as a USTA national coach, working with Andy Roddick, Mardy Fish,

Taylor Dent, Robby Ginepri, and Alex Bogomolov.

    Rive is a USPTA, PTR, and USTA certified high-performance and sports coach. Cur-

rently, he is a teaching professional at T Bar M Racquet Club in Dallas, Texas.



                                                       For almost three decades, Scott Williams has

                                                       been an internationally renowned coach work-

                                                       ing with players such as No. 2 ATP Tour player

                                                       Tommy Haas and No. 1 ATP Tour doubles player

                                                      Max Mirnyi. Williams is the author of Serious

                                                      Tennis (Human Kinetics) and author and pro-

                                                      ducer of the recently released Spiritually Tough

                                                      Tennis DVD. He is president of Match Point Min-

                                                       istries and was voted the 2009 and 2011 Coach

                                                       of the Year, receiving the Ace Excellence Award

                                                       for his work with upcoming junior tennis players.

                                                       In 2011 he led the Lady Scots to win the Florida

                                                       State high school championships. Coach Wil-

                                                       liams was awarded coach of the year by the Flor-

                                                       ida Dairy Farmers, Sun Sentinel, and the Palm

                                                       Beach Post.



                                                           Williams is currently the tennis director at Saint

Andrew's School in Boca Raton, Florida. He is certified as a USTA high-performance coach,

USPTA level 1 professional, and PSIA level III instructor.



    Williams has been ranked nationally in both tennis and skiing and has played profes-

sional satellite and challenger events in Europe, South America, and the United States.

He has won a total of 19 state championships in both tennis and skiing in Florida and

Washington.



                                                                                                               263

You'll find other outstanding tennis resources at

          www.HumanKinetics.com/tennis



                     In the U.S. call 1-800-747-4457



                  Australia 08 8372 0999 � Canada 1-800-465-7301

             Europe +44 (0) 113 255 5665 � New Zealand 0800 222 062



                                    HUMAN KINETICS

                                       The Premier Publisher for Sports & Fitness

                                       P.O. Box 5076 � Champaign, IL 61825-5076 USA